Francium

Osmium was discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant. This element was found when Tennant used platinum to dilute aqua regia. He noticed

Pierre Janssen discovered helium in the spectrum of the corona of the sun during an eclipse in 1868. Shortly after it was identified as an element and named by the chemist Sir Edward Frankland and the British astronomer Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer. The gas was first isolated from terrestrial sources in 1895 by the British chemist Sir William Ramsay, who discovered it in cleveite. In 1907 Sir Ernest Rutherford showed that alpha particles are the nuclei of helium atoms.

Plutonium or uranium these can sustain a chain reaction are sometimes used as fuel reactors (nuclear) it’s because their atoms are highly reactive and that means it can split large nuclei it really easy when they are hit by protons

\caption{Images of the velocity distributions for the trapped rubidium atoms taken from \cite{JILA}. On the left is the distribution for the thermal cloud, taken when the system is at a larger temperature $\sim400\,\,\textrm{nK}$ than the critical temperature for BECs, the center frame is a point in between that is part condensate and part thermal, $\sim200\,\,\textrm{nK}$, and the final image is purely condensate within the density peak when temperature $\sim50\,\,\textrm{nK}$. The physical size of each image is $\sim200\,\,\mu\textrm{m}\times270\,\,\mu\textrm{m}$ and is taken after a period of about 0.04s. The color represents density, with red as low density and white as high density and the lower the peak the more the atoms have moved

Every 4th of July, many people go out at night and spend hours watching firework shows. Most of us are content to simply enjoy the pretty colors and sparks, without questioning the chemistry behind the spectacle, but have you ever really thought about how fireworks produce such vibrant colors? The colors emitted when a firework explodes come from an aerial shell inside the firework that contains explosive chemicals and metallic salts. These colors appear to us because of luminescence. Luminescence occurs as a result of the valence electrons in the metal salt atoms moving and changing positions. The explosion of fireworks is not a miracle; it’s simply chemistry at work.

led to the discovery of krypton (Stewart). After removing oxygen and nitrogen from the gas with

used for dental fillings for cavities. Subsequently in 1898, it was found to be radioactive.

Elements with atomic numbers greater than iron’s atomic number form during the formation of a supernovae, also known as a mini-bang. The process begins when a massive star has depleted its supply of magnesium and silicon, and only has a bare iron ore remaining. Now, the star no longer has the energy to maintain its immense mass against the force of gravity, and as a result, the entire star collapses. This process fuses together electrons and protons in the core, which forms neutrons. After neutrons build up in the ore, the star recoils in the form of an explosion. During the explosion, the neutrons attach to iron atoms in the ore, and begin converting back to protons and electrons. As a result, iron atoms are able to become different elements with greater atomic numbers.

The first major producer was a Bohemian man named Joseph Riedel in 1835. He discovered that by using uranium salts as a colorant it would produce a bright yellow-green

Light can be produced in many different ways, including incandescence, phosphorescence, and fluorescence (Gunderman 1). Incandescence is when heat makes an object release light, like the filament in a light bulb. Phosphorescence is when a material absorbs energy and then releases it slowly over time, like glow-in-the-dark toys. Fluorescence is when a material absorbs energy and releases it quickly as light (Gunderman 1). Fluorescence is the process used in glow sticks (Science Fair Projects 1). The fluorescent dye in this experiment’s glow sticks released yellow light. Different color glow sticks are made with different dyes (Harris 2).

The discovery of such an element as gallium does not come as just any accidental discovery. Gallium or Ga, atomic number 31 was in a long research process for fifteen years by Lecoq de Boisbaudran. He had been meticulously studying the spectra of several chemical elements, Lecoq knew that each and every element produces its very own and distinct pattern of lines when heated, or spectra. As Lecoq de Boisbaudran continued his drive to learn more of the distinct element spectra, he distinguished that the element on the periodic table between indium and aluminum was yet to be discovered.

Potassium was discovered in 1807, in england. It was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy, who was a chemist and an inventor. He discovered it through a process called electrolysis. Potassium was the first element discovered in

Hydrogen-3 is the only radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Tritium was first discovered, unintentionally, in 1934 by Physicist Ernest Rutherford, M.L. Oliphant and Paul Harteck. It was unintentional, as they had not expected tritium to be made by a mixture of deuterium and high-energy deuterons. Deuterons are the nuclei of deuterium atoms, and deuterium is the second isotope of hydrogen. Unfortunately, Rutherford was unable to isolate the matter and the position was later passed onto to Luis Alvarez and Robert Cornog. Hydrogen-3, can either be artificially or naturally made, however it is very rare to be made naturally. Since 1934, approximately 220 kilograms of tritium has been produced only, in the United States of America, however due to the

          Marie and Pierre Curie's pioneer research was again brought to mind when      on 20 April last year, their bodies were taken from their place of burial at Sceaux,      just outside Paris, and in a solemn ceremony were laid to rest under the mighty      dome of the Panthéon. Marie Curie thus became the first woman to be accorded      this mark of honor on her own merit. One woman, Sophie Berthelot, admittedly      already rested there but in the capacity of wife of the chemist Marcelin

causing it to give off photons. The principle is the same as it was with