Frank Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, And Le Corbusier

Finally, after almost a full century(1750-1868), William Alexander Abram writes that conditions have improved and technology was a main factor in freeing space and improving urban life. This reliable journal article written by a historian concludes that after years of little intervention, technology was able to fix the problems presented by

Through a multitude of significant changes physically, conceptually, economically, and more, the societal reformation of cities in the Progressive Era had set themselves as the foundations of American civilization. The juxtaposition between the rich and poor statuses in these urban areas show the drastic separation within developing cities. Through this division caused a wide variety of living conditions, the majority of which held the overcrowded sections of cities where the population mostly stayed while the higher end communities had more luxurious lives. Through this success of entrepreneurship and economic growth from all aspects in cities, the entire landscape, both physically through innovative architecture and the perspectives outside rural and suburban areas had on them, had transformed for the better in these areas.

His first comprehensive city plan was La Ville Contemporaine (the Contemporary City) a project to house three million inhabitants designed in 1922. This was Le Corbusier’s first attempt to reconcile man, nature and machine (Fishman, 189). The city starts at the center with a transportation hub for busses, trains, cars and planes. Surrounding this hub there will be an organized cluster of 24 60-story skyscrapers. These glass and steel skyscrapers are cross-shaped. Each individual skyscraper is to be set within a large rectangular green space. The skyscrapers house the “brain” of the city. The city is beautifully geometric and symmetrical. Placing the skyscrapers in the city center reinforces the emphasis on capital as a means of creating a successful city. Because of the shape and mass of each skyscraper, they have more usable space than an entire neighborhood but also relieves density and congestion because of the organization (Frampton, 46).

In class, we talked about three utopian ideas that were actually put into action in a few cities. The first is the city beautiful movement. The design is just like the name makes it sounds; the idea that everything in the city will be designed with beauty in mind. This meant that it would reflect the rebirth of the United States through confidence and class of mostly prominent, architectchally sound buildings. A real example is Central Park in New York City. Despite the rapidly changing population of New York, this design is clearly thriving. The next utopian idea was from Le Corbusier called the Radiant City. His idea stemmed from changing the polluted industrial city into a clean one. He wanted to do this by making taller buildings where large amounts of people would reside to ensure for more green space. One can see a city that reflects this design idea in Brasilla. The last utopian idea is called the garden city by Ebenezer Howard and was implemented in Greenbelt, Maryland for one example. The garden city utopia is designed in concentric rings with a mix between a country and a city feel. Howard thought if the city had both the country and the city feel that everyone would want to live

A man of many talents and disciplines, Frank Lloyd Wright is arguably one of the most creative architects of the 20th century. Even before he was born, his mother, Anna Lloyd Jones claimed that her child would build beautiful buildings. To prepare for Wright’s arrival, Jones decorated his nursery with engravings of English Cathedrals from periodicals to motivate him as an infant. On June 8, 1867, Lloyd was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin. However, after three years, the family moved to Weymouth Massachusetts because Wright’s Father, William Wright, was a baptist minister who wanted to minster a small congregation.

As a result of a booming development of the nineteenth century city, “progressive” architects of the time started to deliberate and conceive opinions to create long term solutions. Known for his radical cultural manifestos, Le Corbusier is one of the architects that epitomizes the change in ideal of the Machine Age. He introduced ideas of living in completely analogous, planned, designed, and then built, cities. Le Corbusier 's proposition for the City of Tomorrow had in its roots the intention of creating a series of fundamental principles that would become the skeleton of any modern city plan. However, considerations that were not applied during that period of time, are the cause of its unsuccessful development.

They show that the city should not obligatory be a source of contamination, but it can be almost just as ecological, as suburbs. The new city will be green, full with forests, gardens, and fields (The City - 1939 Housing in America Documentary 22:30 min). It should not be overcrowded and of the size which would perfectly fit people needs. People will live in convenience, having well-developed infrastructure and cozy neighborhoods, proper for bringing up children. Promoting green way of life (Howard 73), the authors, nevertheless, do not deny industrialization. They insist on making the factories more automatized, so that they produced less emissions and people could do less hard work (The City - 1939 Housing in America Documentary 23:20 min)

“The best that can be said of the conception is that it did afford a chance to experiment with some physical and social planning theories which did not pan out. “ This quote reflects Jane Jacob’s philosophical ideas in an attempt to criticize the social housing’s design approach and its associated urban planning in modern era. “The physical and social theories” outlines the urban planning idea of social housing (Utopian idea) and according to Jane’s statement, such experiment of these theories were deem to be unsuccessful. It is inevitably certain to some extent that a provocative statement towards modern era social housing approaches would hold true due to the minimal success the plans brought to the city, such as solving the working class commendations temporarily. Nevertheless, it is a failure to deliver long-standing social improvements corresponded with the increasing suspicion of modernism, one cannot simply attribute ill fate to its “innovative physical features” (As Jane said, the Utopian and Utopia), but should rather considered a range of other elements in the larger aspect of society: factors such as difficulty of racial integration, problems of financing and management, lack of bridging between architecture and planning, as well as the increasing preference of suburban lifestyle from the rising mid class. These problems reflected evidently in some stereotypes of social housing communities built in the modern era such as Pruitt-Igoe, sunny side Gardens, Paul

This ratio 1:1.61,occurs over and over again in nature. It is found in everything from the shape of our universe, the structure of clouds, and the even the proportions of the human body. People have put it into everything from mathematics, to artwork, and music, fractal dimensions have been calculated to be used frequently for Frank Lloyd Wright's and Le Corbusier's buildings. It can be found that both architects use the method of increasingly smaller rectangular grids. Frank Lloyd Wright's buildings display a self-similar characteristic over a wide range of scales. However for this specific project, Wright was following the brilliant example of his teacher, Louis Sullivan.By contrast, Le Corbusier's architecture displays a characteristic over

“.......having a good start not only do I fully intend to be the greatest architect who

Before Frank Lloyd Wright was born his mother knew he was going to be a world renowned architect. In his nursery, she hung prints of well known cathedrals of Europe on the walls. Frank Lloyd Wright was born on June 8 ,1869. He was always very close to his mother, and when his father left Frank went off to work to help his mother raise the other children. Frank’s father also had a large impact on his son’s life. Able to play a dozen instruments, he taught Frank to play the piano, the violin and the cello. He also taught Frank the importance of the acoustics, the way the sound vibrates off obstructions, such as walls in a building.

Frank Lloyd Wright, an American architect that was considered to be one of the greatest in the 20th century. He was a pioneer in the modern style of architecture. For more than 70 years, frank showed his countrymen ways to build their homes and see the world around them. He created some of the most monumental, and some of most intimate space in America. He has designed everything from banks and resorts, office buildings and churches, a filling station and a synagogue, a beer garden and an art museum.

There are around seven billion people all over the world reside in our mother Earth, a large portion of them are urbanites. People in this modern era, especially young generation would prefer to live in the large metropolises rather than living in a countryside or small town. Because of urbanization, people still continuous pelting along into the already herded city. Most of the society thinks that it is better to leave the urban areas than living in the countryside while my inclination is to oppose this concept. It was full of blessings to live in a countryside compare to living in the big cities.

It is estimated that in the near future, 2 out of 2 people will live in cities. This is due to main reason that people naturally tend to concentrate in areas with desirable conditions. What does the cities offer as to why it is stated that the “cities will be our future”.

The process of people moving into cities, which is called urbanisation, was happening around the world in past decades. It causes cities to have more labourers and resources than before. This makes a big contribution to the social development of cities. Thanks to these social developments, public services are becoming better in these areas. Citizens can enjoy a better life by access these public services such as better medical care, more education resources and well-built transport. It means an equitable society can be created. An equitable society means citizens can have more opportunities to access social resources and to live a better life. This essay will argue that