Franz Lieber and the Lieber Code

Imagine the feelings one may have when living in circumstances where many rights are carelessly being taken away. In our modern day, it is hard to conceptualize not being able to live the way one chooses, yet there was a point in time when we faced imminent threats from both other countries and our own country. The rejection of human rights is a crucial action which can result in a gruesome long term conflict. War is said to be inevitable by many but the study of why some of the most notable battles in history began is even more fascinating; moreover, The American Revolution and The Civil War are two of the most notorious events in American history thus it is necessary to realize just how influential and connected they are to one another. What is more, the powerful figures involved whose dedication prevailed successfully in these ruthless battles. The opposing sides, the British and the Confederate South, thought what they were doing was just due to tradition and already accommodated power, however strong driving forces rightfully fought against the British invasion and fought to end slavery in the South. Ultimately the efforts proved worthwhile.

This is an amazing book that the author, Joanne Freeman, focus on a constructive journey of providing a comprehensive re-examination of the political culture that was exhibited in the historical orientation of American. The text has revealed an overwhelmingly unstable and strange political world that is founded on the values of code of honor and this has been achieved by exploring different materials that had focused on both the private and public figures. Relevant information explored are from key figures found in the history of America, including Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and Aaron Burr, which Freeman has utilized in building a strong argument on the subject of the

Although James McPherson presents Lincoln as having numerous qualities that defined him as a brilliant leader, he wastes no time in revealing what he believes to be Lincoln’s greatest strength. In his Introduction, McPherson states regarding Lincoln’s political leadership: “In a civil war whose origins lay in a political conflict over the future of slavery and a political decision by certain states to secede, policy could never be separated from national strategy…. And neither policy nor national strategy could be separated from military strategy” (McPherson, p.6). Lincoln could not approach the war from a purely martial standpoint—instead, he needed to focus on the issues that caused it. For the catalyst of the war was also the tool for its solution; a war started by differing ideologies could only be resolved through the military application of ideology. This non-objective approach to the waging of the war almost resembles the inspired approach McPherson brings to his examination of Lincoln himself.

The purpose of prison camps is to hold prisoners that were captured during the war. Over 400,000 men were captured and sent to the camps. The prison’s conditions were much more worse than the camps that the soldier’s stayed in. The North and the South both took part in holding these camps. If the men were captured, the only way for them to not be put in the camps was to promise to return to home or exchange for the other prisoners on the other side. However, these rules changed. Union leaders wanted to end prisoner exchange. In 1863, african americans began joining the war in. Confederate states wanted captured african american soldiers to be enslaved or executed. The prisoner exchange then terminated. This then resulted in the prison camps to be more crowded. In the camps, the conditions were poor. The food that was served lacked nutrition. Men often caught lice. The soldiers lacked medicine, ice, and doctors. Overcrowding became worse as time has gone by. In Andersonville, Georgia, a stockade was developed in an open field to keep prisoners. This was to handle the population in the other prison camps. The 20ft wall camp held 30,000 prisoners. Water was provided in the camps. However, the conditions in the camps were still horrific. Nearly 100 died each day. The death rates in the camps were really high. The death rates in the Union camps were twelve

The day-to-day life in a prison camp took much servitude although, it was said both sides of the Civil

Americans primarily know the Civil War today as a war between northern states and southern states. The war began because each side perceived its liberty to be at risk. However, the fight underlined core differences between the beliefs of the North and South. “I could easily prove that almost all the differences which may be noticed between characters of the Americans in the Southern and in the Northern states have originated in slavery”, said Alexis De Tocqueville while visiting the United States in the 1800’s (Keene, p. 270). What began as a fight for liberty soon became a fight over the institution of slavery. Both sides had different interpretations of enslavement and the moral questions involved with the topic. The book What They Fought For addresses these questions in profound detail using letters from members of both the Union and Confederate army.

President Lincoln wasn’t opposed to attacking civilians in an effort to end the rebellion as fast as possible. Large amounts of military resources were mobilized south to engage in war. At the start of the war, Lincoln authorized General Scott to bombard cities in Maryland. This was an at any cost method of subduing a rebellion inside the union. (Carnahan,2010) Civilian property was authorized to be seized or destroyed for military necessity but, this only justified a means to wreak havoc on the southern population and break their morale. As the war took off many people demanded that international laws of war needed be practiced. The book called Law of Nations by Emmerich de Vattel had become the accepted standards for laws of wars. The book provided justifying evidence that the war should be conducted as war between two nations, but Lincoln refused to use international laws of war, as this would require him to recognize them as their own country. (Grimsley, 1995) Although the United States didn’t follow the accepted international laws of war, they did have their own perceived laws of war. Prisoners that were not authorized by the Confederate army were not treated as prisoners of war and instead considered pirates. Lieber Code was the accepted laws of war by the U.S and it stated that such individuals were to be treated as prisoners of war. This wasn’t always followed and is some

The Civil War served as yet another reminder that although the US had successfully broken off away England, a long road still remained before total domestic unity. This war was bloody and it divided the nation, towns, and even families. With both sides fighting for their personal ideologies, this was more than a mere territorial war. Many aspects of this war will forever act as a blemish on our nation 's history. In this essay, we will explore one aspect; the camps that were used to contain the prisoners of war, specifically, Camp Sumter, Elmira, and Camp Douglas. And come to a conclusion on which was the worst camp of the three.

Next, came the change of the Civil War and Reconstruction as the north and south varied on equivalent rights and the treatment of detainees, a large portion of whom were liberated slaves. Our country soon changed concentration again as rushes of workers arrived. Social issues

All the Laws but One: Civil Liberties in Wartime is a book by William H. Rehnquist, former Chief Justice of the United States of America. In his book, Justice Rehnquist presents the history of civil liberties during wartime in the United States during three wars: the Civil War, World War I, and World War II. This book takes us on an in depth journey of the United States of America’s government activities. Justice Rehnquist follows the presidencies of Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. As former Chief Justice, William H. Rehnquist is able to give readers an understanding to the thought process of government officials though his own commentary. A historical approach is taken as the author analyzes the Supreme Court’s

Dudziak is questioning the “impact of the wartime narrative on US law and policy,” as wars are often used as justification to institute policies that conflict with our civil liberties. The author is concerned about abuses to individual rights based on an expansion to the national security state. She states in the last line of her book, “When we understand that 'wartime' is an argument, rather than an inevitable feature of our world, then we can see that it need not cause us to suspend our principles. Our times do not determine our actions, they do not absolve us from judgment.” For Dudziak, our rights, freedoms, and civil liberties, go beyond any timeframe instilled by a wartime agenda or executive power, and should be maintained through any turbulent period. She strongly disagrees with Cicero’s inter arma silent leges, believing that “law is not completely silent in wartime,” but must be preserved despite the wartime political rhetoric for the security of the

In the entire history of American concerning assaults on civil liberties, World War one and its aftermath that really provoked the interest of many historians. When the United States entered the war in April 1917, there was strong opposition to both the war and the draft. Many citizens argued that the goal of the United States was not to “make the world safe for democracy,” but to protect the investments of the wealthy. President Woodrow Wilson had little patience for such opposition. On 1917 President Wilsons wanted to enter the World War 1, with the motive to protect human rights with the help of government, “we enter this war only where we are clearly forced into it because there are no other means of defending out rights”, (declaration

The Civil War was one of the bloodiest wars in America’s existence. There were people that supported and pushed the war, or did not support and pull the country away from war. In this paper, I will discuss two political figures during the time of the Civil War; Abraham Lincoln and Henry Clay. Both of these people were respected figures and still are, however, they had different intentions.

On December 28,1922 a baby boy named Stanly Martain Lieber was born during the time of the Great Depprestion. Stanly’s parents were illegal imagrents from Rome and Italy. Life was not easy for Stanly’s family after Stanly’s dad lost his jod and his Stanly’s mom having to work extra for extra money for their family. When Stanly was three years old he got a baby brother named Larry. The two of them weren’t that close growing up because of their age differance.

The chronology of symptoms is provided or is retrievable by context, describing, without dating, the involvement of organs and systens under the heading "damage to physical integrity." Schreber has a clear perception that the drugs received are related to voluptuousness and cords fibrous (female nerves) which reports without metaphors (f032).