Fred Shuttlesworth Primary Sources

Herman Russell Branson was an African American Physicist and Chemist who was born August 14, 1914. He is from Pocahontas Virginia. He was the son of a coal minor. His family moved to Washington, D.C during his adolescent years. Thanks to his mother's encouragement to read he became Valedictorian of his high school. During his adult hood he met his wife Corolynne Gray whom he married and they had two children a son named Herman and A daughter name Corolynne Gertrude.

Martin Luther King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was born Michael Luther King Jr. he was the second child of Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr and Alberta Williams King. Growing up, he attended Booker T. Washington High School. He skipped the ninth and the twelfth grade. He went to Morehouse College at the age of 15 without graduating from high school. Later, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology. He became a minister at the age of 18. He was ordained in his father’s church. He later married Coretta Scott and they had two sons and two daughters. Martin Luther king lived a rough journey.

Probably the most re-known civil rights movement was the struggle for former slaves to attain freedom. Among these slaves was one who not only freed herself, but also freed a numerous amount of other slaves that she encountered. This woman is known to us all as Harriet Tubman, but was known by the slaves as a “saint” who helped them get their freedom. As said by Richard in Black Boy, “My life as a Negro in America had led me to feel...that the problem of humanity was more important than bread, more important than physical living itself; for I felt that without a common

Birmingham, Alabama during the 1960’s was experiencing a time of high racial tension and injustice for African Americans. Blacks were only allowed to sit in specific areas in buses and restaurants, and they had separate water fountains, churches, schools, and other public gathering areas. In 1963, the African American demonstrators began “sitting in” at lunch counters that had not served blacks before and picketed stores that did not allow blacks to shop in them. Soon after, African Americans began getting arrested for trespassing. The civil rights leaders applied for permits to picket and parade but were denied, and this sparked the thought that the law prohibiting African Americans to picket and parade was unjust and they decided to disobey it. This led to certain opinions about the Civil Rights Movement to arise and become public. Eight Alabama white clergymen, who represented various churches, wrote “A Call for Unity: A Letter from Eight White Clergymen” in response to the protests that had broken out across Birmingham (“Unity”). Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and sent to jail in 1963 because he and others were protesting the treatment of African Americans. He went on to write “A Letter from Birmingham Jail” as he waited, hunched over, in his jail cell (“Birmingham”). Both the clergymen and Dr. King used the art of argument to try to persuade people to believe their views on the issue.

government took away his permit to perform marriages because he was black and Pentecostal. Afterwards or give a date, he appealed this decision to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia and got his permit back by winning the case (Hampton 15). This was a very important example for African Americans because Bishop Williams showed every black American not to be scared, how to stand up for their rights. Moreover, Bishop Williams worked so ww hard to provide housing for people with low incomes. The Bible Way Church’s goal was to create affordable housing without seeking a profit. Therefore, they were able to provide over 400 units of housing for people earning as little as 30 percent of the area’s median income (TOO CLOSE in WORDING TO SOURCE(Bible Way Washington). Besides these accomplishments, Smallwood Williams was also very well known for founding the Bible Way of Church and being the General Secretary of the Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith (COOLJC)dates? Did this come before the SC case above?). He was a civil rights advocate who used his connections, network and power to fight for justice, lobbying with politicians at the time for equality. His ultimate goal was not just achieving voting rights for blacks or the right to equal public accommodations, but he also wanted African Americans to be equal in the eyes of white Americans (Taylor

Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929.. Martin Luther went to Booker T. Washington High school when he was a teenager. Many knew his name because of his skill in public speaking. He played a big role in the school’s debate team. Being a gifted student he skipped the 9th and 12th grades of high school. Martin Luther received his education at the University of Boston. He worked hard in school and received his degree Ph.D degree in 1955. While in Boston he a girl by the name of Coretta Scott. He fell in love with her and and ended up marrying her. The pair had 4 children together, two sons and two daughters.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “A Letter From Birmingham Jail,” depicts the fight for equality by African Americans during the civil rights movement. In this letter, King uses tone, rhetorical questions, and allusions to discuss the racial segregation sweeping the nation. King’s letter is a response to “A Call For Unity,” a condemning message written by eight white clergymen who frowned upon the peaceful protests conducted by many African Americans. Although Dr. King is presently seen as an American hero, during the civil rights movement he was simply seen as just another negro attempting to break the social norm. “A Letter From Birmingham Jail,” counters the arguments made by the clergymen in a very effective way by appealing to their

Later, due to the events of the boycott, Martin Luther King Jr. emerged and was the movement’s “most effective leader” (Clayborne Carson). He is known for his nonviolent tactics and his ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. Martin Luther King Jr. was also a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and later became the president of the SCLC in 1957 following the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

In “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr extensively establishes his ethos and proves his authority on the matter of racial injustice. “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights” (King 1). King was the focal point of the Civil Rights movement and continues to symbolize the equality of all races to this very day. His authority to advocate on the

As an African American growing up in a multi-generational household I appreciated the stories my grandparents told me about the Civil Rights Movement through their eyes. They acknowledged that Martin Luther King was not just for people of color; but all human beings who were being treated unjustly. He is known for many speeches, but The Letter from a Birmingham Jail” written in 1963 was phenomenal in my opinion; this letter, written in response to “A Call for Unity,”(Carpenter et. el, 1963 ) an article written by eight, white, Alabama clergymen, was to serve as a response to those who believed that King acted inappropriately for coming to Birmingham, Alabama, as an outsider, for creating immense tension with his demonstrations, and for the inopportune timing of his marches. Even though, the clergymen agreed that social injustice did exist, it was their opinion that these types of matter should be handled in the judicial system rather than in the streets.

During his life, he was a Baptist minister and activists who fought for the civil rights of african

Meanwhile, Dr. King also appeals to the logical side of the men within the letter, to lead them to the bigger picture of the injustice faced by African-Americans during this era. Dr. King uses facts and United States laws to prove that his actions were not untimely but in contrast these actions were overdue and that in fact he was not an outsider, but rather an invited guest.“So I, along with several members of my staff, am here because I was invited here, I am here because I have organizational ties here. But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds.” (King) He goes on by saying “Then, last September, came the opportunity to talk with leaders of Birmingham's economic community. In the course of the negotiations, certain promises were made by the merchants --- for example, to remove the stores’ humiliating racial signs. On the basis of these promises, the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and the leaders of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights agreed to a moratorium on all demonstrations. As the weeks and months went by, we realized that we were the victims of a

Frederick Douglass was an abolitionist who was born into slavery.Douglass was married to 2 women,Anna Murray and Helen Pitts.He has 5 children.Frederick was the first African American to be nominated for vice president of the United States.He is a journalism,civil rights activist,and an author.He is also the first African American to hold a high U.S government rank.He has written autobiographies mostly about his experiences during the Civil War.He’s well known for his book, The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.

During the course of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, there were several black and white supporters who had brave roles. The most prominent and persistent activist of African American rights movement was Martin Luther King Jr. King’s ideas sparked the ideal perspective of equality. Martin Luther King Jr. fought for equality by organizing marches, giving powerful speeches, and staying positive through adversity.

Fredrick Douglass was Born into slavery in Tuckahoe, Maryland on February, 1818. His mom was also in slavery and his dad was the owner of the slave plantation (Douglass & O’Meally). He tried to escape slavery, but failed in 1836. He attempted to escape a second time two years later in 1938 and succeeded and went to New York City where many escaping slaves often went. (Timeline of Frederick Douglass and Family) He died in 1882 from a heart attack that occurred shortly after participating in a women’s rights meeting and lived to be 77 years old (Timeline of Frederick Douglass and Family) Some of his major accomplishments were that he was nominated to be the Vice President of the united states of America. Another noticeable thing he did was write a famous speech still quoted today and is considered a major part in demolishing slavery called “what to the slave is the fourth of