Freedom And Human Nature In The Grand Inquisitor By Dostoyevsky

The life Ivan lived is a deception that hides life's true meaning and leaves one terrified. Ivan has finally seen the truth for himself that he was blind from. For example, after taking a quick look at everyone, listening to every word, and seeing their movement Ivan could confirm the truth. “In the morning when he saw first his footman, then his wife, then his daughter, and then the doctor, their every word and movement confirmed to him the awful

In the novel Notes from the Underground which was written by Dostoyevsky, the main theme is Spite. The definition of Spite is a desire to hurt, annoy, or offend someone. Dostoyevsky brings this theme to life through the main character The Underground Man. He fantasizes about slapping Zverkov in the face and he irritates his former classmates, and he makes Liza cry as he is basically telling her that she is disgusting because she is a prostitute. He is a borderline sadist because he takes pleasure in hurting people and seeing them upset. It’s almost like he thrives off of the sadness/ pain of others. Dostoyevsky calls himself “a realist in the highest sense” to find the meaning you have to know the definition of a realist. A realist is a person

The novella “Notes from Underground” describes the life and thoughts of a character many simply call the “Underground Man.” This piece, written by Russian Fyodor Dostoyevsky, is divided into two parts: one solely the Underground Man’s thoughts, and the second the story of an event that occurred in the Underground Man’s early adulthood. The entirety of the novella is centered around the narrator’s ideas and state of mind, which relate to his past and how the Underground Man views his life. The Underground Man has not appropriately dealt with the experiences from his life, and because of this his actions and attitude toward life are negatively affected. His writings depict that the meaning of the text is in his thoughts, which stem from his life when he was younger.

During the mid- to late- 1800s in Russia, a radical phenomenon swept the nation. The idea that life was meaningless and that there was no "mind" or "soul" outside the physical world infected the minds of Russia's elite and Russia's poverty-stricken. This became known as Nihilism. According to Whitney Eggers on "Philosophies in Crime and Punishment," "Nihilists argued that there was a distinction between the weak and the strong, and that in fact the strong had a right to trample over the weak" (Eggers). Nihilism is commonly linked to utilitarianism, or the idea that moral decisions should be based on the rule of the greatest happiness for the largest number of people. Raskolnikov, the protagonist in Crime and Punishment, is a Nihilist,

Throughout the entirety of Dostoevsky’s novel, The Brothers Karamazov, the author chooses to insert lines of poetry in order to give more insight to the situations he is portraying. Out of all of the Russian poems that were referenced, this paper will be focusing on the five that, I feel, were the most crucial to the deeper understanding of the scenes in which they were placed. These poems; Lermontov’s “Do not, do not believe in yourself,” Pushkin’s “Demon,” Pushkin’s “Chill Winds Still Blow,” Tiutchev’s “Silentium,” and Nekrasov’s “Before the Rain” will be discussed. Each of these poems offers insight to the scene, which goes beyond what was explicitly written by Dostoevsky. “Do not, do not believe in yourself” gives deeper insight to the

“For what is freedom? That one has the will to assume responsibility for oneself.” (Nietzsche. Twilight of the Idols. Trans. Hollingdale. Sect. 38). Everyone desires freedom but everyone cannot handle the responsibilities of freedom. I will compare J.S. Mill’s views on the social function of freedom with that of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s characters from both, the novel Notes From Underground and the excerpt; The Grand Inquisitor, also drawing supplementary arguments from Friedrich Nietzsche, while expressing my views alongside.

Ivan believes that children are innocent and therefore they should not suffer aggression and torture from adults. When aggression, maltreatment, and torture are done to children, there is where Ivan might ask himself questions like, where is God?, why doesn’t he interfer? Ivan said that he wants to be present the day that Jesus come back to earth to judge dead and alive because he is curios and therefore, he would like to know what are all the sacrifice of humans for. Ivan believes that Jesus makes justice but, he can not simply understand why God doesn’t have mercy of defenseless children who are unreasonable torture.

In Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov, Rakitin responds to a central question throughout the novel, “What is permitted?” when he proudly states to Dmitry that “An intelligent man can do anything he likes as long as he’s clever enough to get away with it” (788). While Rakitin has found his answer to this question, multiple characters in the novel are still stuck on that question. Throughout the novel, Dostoevsky seems to separate these characters into two groups: the characters like Dmitry who wonder if all actions are permitted and the characters like Ivan who wonder if all thoughts are permitted. These groups seem completely separate until Book 10 when a boy named Koyla Krasotkin comes onto the scene who seems to be in both groups at once as he tests for himself exactly what thoughts and actions are permitted. In Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky uses Book 10 and Kolya to introduce the idea that the “free thinkers” and the “free doers” are one in the same in that they are wondering who will punish those who go beyond “what is permitted” and by extension sets up an argument between moral and legal punishment throughout the rest of the novel.

The first argument I found on the internet about Ivan's perspective is that it changes to allow him to see that his life was worthless and to help him forgive himself so he can die in peace. According to Sparknotes.com Ivans perspective on death changes for the better. Throughout the story Ivan goes through five stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. According to this article, Ivan uses these stages to realize that he lead a artificial life and how empty it really was.

When one is encountered with death, life’s meaning is revealed. We infrequently agonize over whether we live a healthy lifestyle until it is too late, as demonstrated in "The Death of Ivan Ilych” and “A Good Man is Hard to Find”. Both stories allow the readers to learn the consequences of living a completely selfish, non-Christian life. Through death, characters Ivan and the grandmother are encountered with conversion experiences, in which they reevaluate their own lives. O’Conner and Tolstoy exhibited the character’s reevaluation experience through similar themes in each story.

2. Ivan discovers about physical death that he comes to face to the dreaded, hateful reality of death. He talks to the voice of his soul about his death. When Ivan accepts the death, his son shows him if love can reverse fear, doubt and mistrust. Then, as he actually dies, he discovers that when he lets go of pain and suffering, life’s true direction is through death into unending life. He believes that he is being born.

One major theme that is present in the entire novella is the inevitability of death. Death is something that happens to everyone. No matter how high your social status is, there will come a time when you will wither and die. It does not matter how rich you are or how poor. The major turning point in the story is when Ivan realized that he was getting closer to death every day. Ivan Ilych realized that the customs and traditions of the aristocracy which he had thought were important was the cause of his metaphorical death. He had lost himself while he chased after wealth, social status, and power. He had forgotten about how to live a simple, happy life. He had forgotten about the that there are other people whose concerns and issues that are much more important that his. He has been immersed in the mediocrity and artificiality of life that he has forgotten how it is to care and to love other people.

In this paper, I plan to explain Dostoevsky’s criticism of Western Individualism. Dostoevsky’s first criticism resides in the idea to “love life more than the meaning of it, “which is presented by the character Alyosha (Dostoevsky 3). Allowing this character to discuss this topic, along with the commentary of Ivan, demonstrates their mindset to solely focus on their own lives, opposed to caring for others. This leads to them living for the now, and not focusing on how their decisions will affect their future or others. Dostoevsky disapproves of this notion because living by this mentality encourages the guidance of logic, which is dangerous because it could tell you to kill yourself. From Dostoevsky’s Eastern Orthodox background, he believes that the only way from living from this situation is to deny it. By denying this way of living, the focus toward life will not be directed toward yourself, but toward the way you can impact the environment around you. Ivan clearly does not believe in these values, due to his intentions to commit suicide at the age of thirty. As said before, living by the idea to “love life more than the meaning of it” leads to death, and Ivan indulges in this to the fullest (Dostoevsky 3).

“Nothing has ever been more insupportable for a man and a human society than freedom.” –The Grand Inquisitor” “Above all, don't lie to yourself. The man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to a point that he cannot distinguish the truth within him, or around him, and so loses all respect for himself and for others. And having no respect he ceases to love.” - Father Zosima. These two quotes voice the polarized philosophies that impregnate the book, The Brothers Karamazov. Ivan, the second of the three sons, and Zosima, the old monk, are huge commentators on the question, “Is the burden of free will to much for a human to bear?”

The critically acclaimed American author, William Faulkner, once said, “We must be free not because we claim freedom, but because we practice it.” The concept of free will has been a widely discussed topic that presents both end of the spectrum to bring forth their own point of views. In Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky, the idea of freedom is argued against a deterministic view that actions and decision are predetermined and can be calculated using advancement of humanity through “present day” technology. The debate between the two-opposing side will be analyzed through a recount on the deterministic point of view, an exploration about free will with its connection to the provided text, and an opinion piece of the matter.