Freedom Of Decision Making Power

Autonomy refers to an individual’s right to self- rule or governs one’s self (Beauchamp Childress, 2009). Autonomy is refer to the individual right to make his or her own decision regarding their health care needs. This is respected in the health care setting.

The extent of authority relates to the limit of control held by an individual or organisation. The limit of control is governed by the job description of the role, as well as the jurisdiction, with authority coming either from statute or company policy.

Tannenbaum & Schmidt defined 7 levels of delegated freedom which moves from manager-oriented to subordinate-oriented. As the team develops, the area of freedom for the subordinate increases and the need for the manager’s intervention decreases.

Cambridge (2016) defines autonomy as the ability to make a decision without any influence from any individual. Similarly, it is the freedom for someone to exercise their own will or action (Dictionary.com 2016).

Autonomy is the agreement to respect another’s right to self-determine a course of action such as support of independent decision making. The patient self-determination act was passed by the United states in 1990 which stated that competent people could make their wishes known regarding how they what they wanted in the end of life if they were competent or have a power of durable power of attorney who is designated to make decision on their behalf when the individual is no longer competent (American Nurses Association, 2009).

Decision making is affected by the Group Think because of the lack of openness that should be displayed and offered by everyone involved. The development of the organization is dependent on the ability of the group to make decisions that are thought through and not made solely on pressures and accepted or narrow minded ways that are not thought out.

As per distributed media reports, work pioneers, including authorities at the AFL-CIO, Change to Win organization, and others, are making entry of the Representative Free Decision Act ("EFCA") their top administrative need in the new 111th Congress set to start in January 2009. In its present structure, EFCA would adjust the National Work Relations Act ("NLRA") to:

The authors of this publication provided readers with five guiding principles to aid in the decision-making process which includes autonomy, justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and fidelity. Autonomy is the concept of acting independently. In

Managements at each departments of the rganization have the power of decision making. Employees have the assess to the elected Advisory Board for any question or suggestion.

The principle of autonomy is defined by the Standard Encyclopedia of Philosophy as, “an idea that is generally understood to refer to the capacity to be one’s own person, to live one’s life according to reasons and motives that are taken to one’s own reasons and motives, and not merely the product of manipulative or distorted external forces” (Durst, 2017).

Independence or personal freedom is an aspect that most individuals seek in their lives. Although some individuals may need the help of others in order to gain these features, others are already endowed with autonomous thoughts and reflect it in their behavior. Deci & Ryan (2009) claim that autonomy is one of the basic and universal psychological needs that is necessary for the well-being and flourishing of all people. The development of autonomy comes in different forms for all people. The research discussed throughout this paper will reveal and evaluate how autonomy develops in individuals and whether showing autonomous behavior is positive or negative.

Allen must consider the distribution of authority. Authority is the organizationally certified right to make a decision. Authority can be distributed throughout an organization or held in the hands of a few select employees. Decentralization is the process of distributing authority throughout an organization. In a decentralized organization, an organization member has the right to make a decision without obtaining approval from a higher-level manager. On the other hand, centralization is the retention of decision-making authority by a high-level manager.

The major problem every company encounters is the structure or hierarchy of the organization. Usually, it is in the form of a pyramid and gets narrower as it rises resulting in the few people on the top of the pyramid gets more advantages in the company. But the lower level employees are not given that importance when it comes to the utilization of the benefits provided by the company.

Simon presented the bounded rationality as a result of human and organization constraints. He sees that the managers would not achieve the requirements of rational behavior. He observed that different types of decisions can be processed in different ways, namely: programmed decisions and non-programmed decisions. The programmed decisions category included decisions that occur frequently. Managers are used to these types of decisions and they already have developed some kind of protocols and procedures for making them. These decisions usually are left for the lower posts in the organizational hierarchy.

Generally, enlarged autonomy guides to increased motivation. High autonomy: An engineer who schedules his or her own work for the day, makes visits without supervision, and decides on the most effective techniques for a building construction. Low autonomy: A receptionist who must handle couriers and mails as they come according to a schedule, vastly specified process.