Freud vs Horney

Personality is a concept that will continue to studied and improved upon. Theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Anna Freud, and Heinz Hartmann and several others have contributed significant ideas to the study of personality and have had impacts on our current approaches. The purpose of this paper is to compare two sources of the motivations concerning why people behave the way they do. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach will be discussed and compared to the approach of neo-analyst Karen Horney. Karen Horney claimed that psychoanalysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflicts and she offered a uniquely feminist perspective for her time that disputed the Freudian theory of penis envy.

Freudian theory in the same way also creates a great conflict between mother and daughter. While the mother-son relationship allows the mother to reach fulfillment by giving birth to a son to on whom she can project her ambitions, the mother-daughter relationship never reaches a resolve. Freud states that tensions start with a denial of love when the mother chooses to stop breast feeding the daughter. These tensions grow further when the daughter gains an understanding of genital dominance and holds hostility for the mother because she denied her a penis. This changes her father into her object of love and her mother into her greatest rival. Freud pits the women as rivals, which undermines the mother-daughter relationship and leaves the feminine bond completely fractured.

Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers are two extremely renowned individuals who have greatly contributed to the history of psychology. Their contributions are the foundation for the tools, techniques, and methodologies used by psychologist today. Although, each psychologist is from different times and developed different methods, they shared a passion for the workings of the human mind. As a result, their drive and foundation has motivated and prompted new theories and research for the future. This paper will provide a summary of two articles highlighting the processes contemporary psychologists use to develop the theories of Freud and Rogers. It also explains their views of human nature and worldviews as

As is true of most people, it is difficult for me to apply a Freudian lens to my experiences growing up simply because I do not remember that far back in my life. According to Freud, every family experiences what he calls the 'family romance' of the Oedipus complex or the Electra complex. The young infant desires his or her mother and resents and wants to supplant the father in the mother's affections. The boy resolves this by identifying with his father. The girl's Electra complex "has its roots in the little girl's discovery that she, along with her mother and all other women, lack the penis which her father and other men posses" and so she comes to resent her mother yet identifies with her mother to 'possess' a man (Stevenson 1999). However, my experiences show the culturally-limited perspective of Freud I grew up in a single parent household.

Freud’s theory of personality examined the interplay between the primitive, instinctual urges—the ‘id’; the practical and rational ‘ego’; and the morally attuned ‘superego’; ‘object relations’ refer to the "object" of an instinct”, which is “the agent through which the instinctual aim is achieved”—most often a person and, according to Freud, most often the mother (Ainsworth 1969, p. 1). The psychosexual development theory that Freud launched reduces our behaviour to mechanistic responses to an instinctive need for pleasure fueled by the ‘libido’ and barriers or distortions to the gratification of the libido at various delineated stages of development were responsible for later problems in life (Kail & Zolner 2012, p. 5). Erik Erikson later added depth to the approach by including more humanistic elements to Freud’s stages and including more periods of development (p.

Freud describes child development as a series of psychosexual stages whereby the pleasure seeking ID becomes focused on certain erogenous zones and this psychosexual energy or libido is the sole force behind human behaviour. He examines how if at any

Freud, S. ([1905], 1977), First Essay: Sexual Aberrations in Three Essay on the Theory of Sexuality and other works, Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood Australia.

Sigmund Freud is a very known psychologist from the early scholars of the psychology world. One of His most significant outlooks and study was in the sexology field. Sexology had already been constituted as a separate form of enquiry some time before the appearance of Freud’s most important contribution, The three essays on the theory of sexuality (1905) and many of the terms that we tend to identify with Freud, such as libido, component instincts, erotogenic zones, catharsis, autoerotism and narcissism were already in circulation. (Akroterion. 58, 79-96, Dec. 2013) Some have argued that Freud did not acknowledge the contribution of sexology to psychoanalysis sufficiently in his studies and findings. But others may find this statement as overstated. Further in my research you will read how Freud’s work contributed greatly to the sexology dialogue and psychosexual development.

Freud believed that gender identity was built from our interactions and learned from our environment, but was informed by our biological makeup. His theory of gender identity development is constructed in stages as the child grows older, first the oral stage, then the anal stage, then the critical stage in which the child’s gender identity is constructed called the genital stage. The genital stage requires

Sigmund Freud was not hesitant to talk about the touchy subject of sex and sexuality, “Freud replied that early in his career his search for the origins of human motivation led him to three main candidates: sex, power, and aggression” (Boothby 61). In Richard Boothby 's Sex on the Couch: What Freud Still Has To Teach Us About Sex and Gender, one learns that Freud developed the ideals of the phallic symbol—this included three stages of the psychosexual: four stages: oral, anal, phallic. This phallus, as a common misconception, is not so much an elaborate word for ‘penis.’ It actually has very little to do with the penis, and more to do with what a woman actually desires, “Strength, intelligence, virility, competence, creativity, influence

Dr. Sigmund Freud believed that between birth and puberty, humans went through multiple stages, all involving sexual aspects, that develop the personality. If one aspect of the theory is not well executed, there can be serious consequences. In both The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Steven Chbosky and Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, both protagonist show how Freud’s theory of how repressed sexual desires affect who you grow up to be. This is well portrayed through how both protagonists deal with the phallic stage and the repercussions a phallic stage fixation has and how they dealt with them.

The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate an understanding of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and how this theory may help us to explain and identify adult neurotic behaviour. I shall be evaluating the pros and cons of psychosexual theory and the extent to which it helps us to understand a client’s presenting issue. I shall also define and consider the relationship between the Id, Ego and Superego and the way in which these constructs of our psyche are in many ways representative of earlier experiences and of those early

Since Nathanael’s adult behaviors reflect fixation in the phallic stage, it is important to take a look at what happened during that stage of his life. Nathanael is a university student who is engaged to a girl named Clara but still fears the Sandman whom he feared as a young boy. Freud claims that, during the phallic stages of children’s life, spanning the ages of three to six years, the focus of the pleasure shifts to the genitals, and fixation in this stage can lead to excessive masculinity and over-ambition in man. Freud’s theory states that such fixation occurs because of inattention from Nathanael’s father, and Nathanael describes his father as someone who “was no doubt heavily occupied with his duties” (Hoffman 86). Nathanael also

From a Freudian perspective human development is based on psychosexual theory. From a psychosexual perspective maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development (Shaffer et al., 2010). Ultimately, Freud believed that sex was the most important instinct and any mental disturbance revolved around sexual conflicts that were suppressed from childhood. Furthermore, Freud believed that parents permitting too much or too little gratification of sexual needs led

Historical Relevance. “Our century 's self-conscious interest in culture and society has produced valuable attempts to retell the Western past with the aid of such organizing principles as technological change, art collecting” (Barzun, 1990, p. xiii) Considering modern globalization trends, technology and data flow, the comparative historical approach has “identified general features of the modern capitalist economy” (Bentz & Shapiro, 1998, p.134) as more relevant. Trends from Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) stressed the importance of the unconscious mind. In context of his female theory, Freud wrote about "We are now obliged to recognize that the little girl is a little man" Freud wrote (1933, SE 22:118). He claims that females are