Friedrich Engels Pioneered Methods For Recording The Life

Riis shows how society had long turned a blind eye to this less reality. As he informs the readers in How the other Half Lives, the upper classes had long harbored fear from the poor. This fact proved very useful for Riis as it gave him room to use fear-evoking arguments to convince the higher class that the social reform is essential for everyone’s good. Riis argued that the ever- growing poverty in America posed a high risk not only for immigrants living in the slums. He employed statistical data correlating the ever-growing poverty with the increase the crime rate as well as the rapid expansion of tenement, to warn the middle and high class that poverty is a serious risk for them too. Hi goes on to argue that the cholera epidemic showed Americans how devastating such widespread illness could be, especially in urban areas. He warned the middle and high class that the tenements were the hotbeds for such epidemics and reminded them that such deceases never discriminate but bring death to the rich and poor alike.

Throughout Chiswick’s essay we are able to see his point of view firmly, for example, when he says, “[that], the continued increase in the flow of unskilled workers into the

Throughout history, a divide has always existed between the rich and poor in society. However, during the Industrial Revolution in Victorian England, this rift reached its peak. The working class labored for long hours and received miniscule wages, whereas the bourgeoisie grew abundantly wealthy through the labor of the working class. Published in 1848 and 1854 respectively, Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto and Charles Dickens’ Hard Times both comment on these troubles. While Hard Times is a novel which tells a story and The Communist Manifesto is a short publication which tries to bring about social change, both writings offer a sharp critique of the class antagonism brought about by capitalism at the height of the Industrial

Initially we shall examine the concept of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels view of Socialism as described by Michael W. Doyle. At the very beginning of the chapter he states that “[Marx and Engels] are perhaps best known for the materialist conception of history in which the conditions of production shape all other areas of society — institutions, laws, ideas and morality” (Doyle 322). Both of

This demonstrates a shift from rural to urban. The aspect of urbanization had an evident negative impact, which is seen, in the neighbourhoods of the working class. Despite the increasing growth in wealth and industry, there were still negative effects. From the quotes “even the better streets, are narrow and winding” and “the houses dirty, old, and tumble-down, and the construction of the side streets utterly horrible” it clearly comments on the filth on the streets. The unhygienic streets become heightened in “slime and refuse accumulate and rot in thick masses” and “bubbles of miasmatic gas constantly arise and give forth a stench unendurable”. This illustrates foul conditions of the streets from the urbanization. This ultimately comes at the success of urbanisation where the revolution had been the catalyst of the rise of new industries by concentrating workers and factories together. An example of this success is exemplified in the small town of Manchester. England had grown greatly where they had created their own reputation of becoming representative of the Industrial Revolution. The cool climate of England had become suited to the production of textile. In addition to this, Manchester was located close to the Atlantic port of Liverpool and the coalfields of Lancashire. Railroads were built which connected the Manchester to Liverpool. The result of this was that Manchester had transformed

The case study of Manchester demonstrates that the poor conditions of the hard work that the workers put in so that their families could survive, the suffering of the workers, the improvements of life conditions in the city, and the beautiful city itself all contributed to the extent of the progress from the Industrial Revolution. As the Industrial Revolution began, citizens worked hard to achieve an alluring city, but urbanization caused pushback. Maps drawn during this time exhibit the growth of Manchester from 1750-1850 due to urbanization (Doc 1). These two maps developed to reveal the difference of Manchester from the past to present.

One of the many problems raised by the industrailization of manchester were diesises broght by the poor work facilities. In Edwin Charwick’s record of deseases in machester, he states “The annual loss of life from filth and

The England depicted by Charles Dickens in his “A Christmas Carol” was also the world that influenced Karl Marx, for he was living in England when he wrote the Communist Manifesto. What Marx had to say about the nature of capitalist society and about the struggle between classes can be applied to the idea of economic relations offered by Dickens in his book. Dickens was a social critic as well as a writer and often commented on the social order of his time in his writings. In “A Christmas Carol”, Dickens’ view of the economic structures of British capitalism in the nineteenth century is clearly evident and helps define and shape the character of Ebenezer Scrooge and those who interact with him.

The book The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century by Robert Roberts gives an honest account of a village in Manchester in the first 25 years of the 20th century. The title is a reference to a description used by Friedrich Engels to describe the area in his book Conditions of the Working Class. The University of Manchester Press first published Roberts' book in the year 1971. The more recent publication by Penguin Books contains 254 pages, including the appendices. The author gives a firsthand description of the extreme poverty that gripped the area in which he grew up. His unique perspective allows him to accurately describe the self-imposed caste system, the causes and effects of widespread poverty, and the

This essay will compare and contrast, the similarities and differences of 18th century former slaves, farmers, and new immigrants work requirement and lifestyles. Using work performed, working conditions, economic class, and economic opportunity to analyze each group. The three groups came from different ethnic and residential background, but their work and life had significant similarities than differences.

Mike Davis, author of Planet of Slums, predicts the direction in which the world’s cities are headed, and how the changes in living conditions are only going to deteriorate if certain trends continue. The title of his book explains Davis’s vision for the future of cities as he feels there is enough evidence pointing towards an exponential rise in slum populations across the world’s largest cities. Additionally, he expresses his opinion on many issues regarding the rapid rise in developing cities’ slum populations, although he offers very one-sided arguments geared towards those who feel the current system is causing more problems rather than improving current conditions. This causes Davis to overlook the problems of slums as resolvable through different modes of assistance such as international aid programs. Instead, he views aid programs as the root cause of imbalance created during industrialization. Throughout the book, Davis presents information that confirms his preconceptions towards the slums. Therefore, all the evidence that is presented by him portrays confirmation bias as Davis fails to mention anything about the resolution of the problem of the growing number of slums and instead sees this problem as unavoidable. Particularly, Davis’ writing, although intended for the general population, is more geared towards critics who have similar ideas. Instead of providing the means through which the economy could be improved and the problem of slums could be resolved, it is

Throughout Cultural Perspectives, many influential texts have been read, analyzed, and discussed. One text, Life in the Iron Mills by Rebecca Harding Davis, integrates the thoughts of quite a few authors that have been discussed this semester. Through employing a Marxist view of history—there are always the “haves” and the “have-nots”—one can see that Life in the Iron Mills exemplifies the struggles that face many “have-not” citizens throughout history. One can then see the clear connections to various authors such as Mary Wollstonecraft, W.E.B. DuBois, Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels, and Adam Smith.

These rigorous studies lead to Engel's writing of The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844, an important work bringing more attentions to the struggles and problems of the working-class and raising ideas on how to bring reform. Engels friend and life-long work partner Karl Marx in 1844 in Paris, France. Together, Marx and Engel, while establishing modern Communism and Socialism, crafted the Communist Manifesto, among other things. The Communist Manifesto, published in February of 1848, attempts to explain the goals of Communism, Marx's and Engel's solution to the struggles and exploitations of each class by the other classes. This work is undoubtedly the most influential piece produced by these two revolutionists. Another collaboration by Engels with Marx include the development of the International Workingmen's Association. Frederick Engels produced a few other revolutionary pieces including the major works Anti-Dyriring in 1878 and The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State in 1884. After Marx's death in March of 1883, Engels devoted the rest of his life to translating and working with Marx's writing and ideas. Engels died on August 5, 1895 in London.

During the Victorian age named after Victoria, who was the queen at the time there was an increase in need of skilled labor due to the industrial revolution. There were many positive outcomes because of the industrial revolution for example a social outcome which led to the rise of the middle class. Furthermore, as the middle class increased during this time it also led to an increase in division between social classes. The industrial revolution resulted in new economic opportunities during this time which led to improvement of life expectancy and quality of life, however not everyone benefited. Many of the well-off Victorians were ignorant of how the other half lived or ignored the poor people's quality of life or slum life. It seemed that many who heard about it, believed that the slums were the outcome of laziness or sin of the lower classes. It was as if the upper class thought that poor people had brought this upon themselves. In the contrary, it can be argued that poverty had been caused because of unemployment, social exclusion, and homelessness leading to the growth of slums as opposed to what the well-of people believed. It is said that we can study Londoners’ everyday domestic life during the period of 1837 to 1901 by studying and analyzing materialistic objects that had previously belonged to them. During class, we looked at archaeological remains retrieved from the East End. The items that we looked at consisted of glass plates, glass salters, glass medicine

A Slum refers to informal settlements within urban areas or cities. The informal settlements depict inadequate housing and miserable condition with reference to living standards (Meade p 43). In the slums, numerous individuals seek housing facilities within small living spaces. The slums also lack basic local authority services such as sanitation, collection of waste, water, drainage systems, street lighting, and emergency roads. Most slums also lack schools, hospital, and public places that might offer adequate environment for social amenities. The experience of France illustrates the essence of slums within the modern society (Oberti p 58). Crime and unemployment are on the rise within the slums because of the poor