Frog Heart Lab, Animal Physiology

Three Daphnia magna were placed in a petri dish with a small amount of spring water. Each Daphnia magna was measured separately. The Daphnia magna was placed on a slide and their control heart rate was measured for 15 seconds under the microscope and multiplied by four. Then, it was placed in the epinephrine solution for two minutes.The Daphnia magna was placed back onto the slide with the spring water and the heart rate was measured again for 15 seconds and later multiplied by four to observe the effect of epinephrine on the heart rate. They were then placed into a different petri dish of spring water after their experimental heart rate was recorded. All the heart rate values were placed into a Microsoft Excel document. The controlled variables included the temperature of the water, the time subjected to the epinephrine solution, and the time used for measuring the control heart rate and the epinephrine heart

3. Describe the blood flow of the heart and the correct locations the blood enters and exits.

The authors then share their analysis on the changes of heart rate and GSR at the many different points throughout their study.

In order to complete this exercise, two different procedures were conducted; one measured the basal heart rate, and the other measured the drug-induced heart rate. A sample 's basal heart rate can be defined as the “resting” heart rate. This is when no drugs or altering substances are applied. In comparison, the drug-induced heart rate of a sample can be defined as the heart rate after the drug was administered to the surrounding environment. The four drugs tested on the Daphnia specimens were Acetylcholine, Caffeine,

The range of normal resting systolic BP for the subjects in this experiment is 115-125 mmHg. Did systolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?

An untrained 22-year-old male human subject was chosen. A PT-104 pulse plethysmograph was wrapped around his dominant (right) index finger. Connected through a IXTA data acquisition unit, heart rate was monitored on LabScribe. The recordings were measured with ten seconds of leeway at the beginning and end to allow baseline pulse recovery. Digital marks labeled the time interval of the described action. First the subject’s heart rate was measured during a resting phase for twenty seconds. He was encouraged to relax and remain inactive in order to confirm an accurate baseline reading. For the apneic condition, the subject repeated this

The effects of a ligature around the AV groove presented no difference in the contraction of atria or ventricle after the first tightening. After the string was tightened further, the ventricular contractions were lost and the atria beat alone at 60 BPM. The AV signal between the chambers was blocked.

Once the patient was correctly hooked up to the EKG the BIOPAC Student Lab Program was started. Lesson five is the one we used for this experiment and once it had been chosen we label it and started the experiment. There were four conditions we needed to measure; the first being lying down. The subject was lying down relaxing on the cot. We clicked record and let it run for 20 seconds. The data resembled the chart below. If it did not we would have had to repeat the steps until it did.

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

Then using a disposable pipette we placed two drops of room temperature water (21 degrees) on top of the Daphnia. Then placing it careful under the microscope with a for 15 seconds using a tally counter and clicked away how many heart beats we observed and did this three times for three trials, in between the times would give the daphnia a two minute recovery period. We then would process the trials information and calculate an average. After the information calculated we then  multiplied our results by four to see the average heart beats per minute with room temperature water. We gave the daphnia five minute to recover then went on to proceed with two drops of hot water (40 degrees celsius) placed on top of the Daphnia using the pipette. Again three trials for 15 second using the tally clicker following after a two minute break. The same followed for the cold water (0 degree celsius) placing two drops on top of the Daphnia administered by pipette. In between the transitional water temperature trials we then cleaned up the excess water before placing new drops of water by gently soaking up the water with kimwipes. After five minutes we tallied the heartbeats of the Daphnia before administering the epinephrine. Then again gently gave two doses of epinephrine using a new pipette. Then after we observed and tallying the heart beats before administering the epinephrine, three times again recording our results then averaging it. Then we placed two drops of the epinephrine on top of the daphnia, tallying the heartbeats and recording and calculating our trial results. Then after two minutes we observed and tallied the effects after the epinephrine had been used.  Each trial again consisted of observation under the microscope, tallying and observing the behavior internally and externally of the

With this new invention a systematic way of interpreting an Electrocardiograph soon developed. The layout of the graph is as such: there are 4 columns which correspond to the leads; the first column – I, II, and III; the second column: aVR, AVL, aVF; the third V1-3; and the fourth V4-6. Each column is recorded simulation however they are not always displayed on the strip except for the last rhythm strip which occurs at the bottom of the tracing (lead II and V1).

of atria and ventricle. Impulses not being transmitted from atria to the ventricle; no whole number relationship between atrial and ventricular contractions was demonstrated.

In the first part of the practical, we will dissect the heart of a sheep and observe its anatomical structure. We will also examine the structure of blood vessels at a microscopic level. My hypothesis is that by examining the anatomy of the cardiovascular system, we will be able to detect differences in both vessels and the chambers of the heart. In the second part of the practical we will examine the electrical activity of the heart. In doing so my aim will be to produce a familiar ECG reading containing a P wave, QRS complex and T wave. Futhermore, we will take blood pressure readings by listening to the korotkoff sounds of the heart using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. We hypothesis that the higher the arm position is from the ground, the smaller the blood pressure reading will

Now that the experiment has been tested, the results are in there comes the analysis part of the process. After I had determined my calculation I saw where my beats per minute were over a hundred; this consider me to be Tachycardia. Tachycardia refers to an abnormally fast resting heart rate. When examining what Tachycardia was and how it can be affected made me see that different scenarios will affect the beats per minute. Anxiety, caffeine, stress can all cause someone to have such a rapid heartbeat. I remember from when taking the echocardiogram that I was stressed

Carry out an experiment to measure the heart rate and ventilation rate before, during and after moderate exercise.