Frozen Embryos Research Paper

Mr. Szafranski is appealing a decision made by the Circuit Court of Cook County in which the court sided with ex-girlfriend Karla Dunston concerning a dispute over the disposition of cryopreserved pre-embryos that were created when Mr. Szafranki donated his sperm and Ms. Dunston donated her ova in light of Ms. Dunston having been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and having been informed that her chemotherapy treatments would likely render her infertile. Mr. Szafranski is asking the Appellate Court to enjoin Ms. Dunston from using those pre-embryos.

1. These enzymes are used by the sperm to create an opening in the corona radiata, zona pellucida, and plasma membrane of the oocyte for the sperm to pass through

In the article “Selecting the Perfect Baby: The Ethics of “Embryo Design,” is an article about a married couple, name Larry and June Shannon. They have a daughter, four years old, name Sally, who is diagnosed with Fanconi Anemia. Therefore, the Shannons are getting help from a research team, to find the perfect bone marrow transplant for Sally. The Shannon couple is also interested in having another child and they are aware of the risks and odds of success. However, a PGD process has to be performed and the couple must undergo an IVF procedure more than once, before the implantation is successful, to be able to produce a healthy full-term baby.

Procedural Facts: In May 2010, a couple of months after Plaintiff Jacob Szafranski donated his sperm and have eight eggs fertilized for freezing, Plaintiff Jacob Szafranski sent Defendant Karla Dunston a text message ending the relationship. In August 2010, two months after the relationship ended, Plaintiff Jacob Szafranski filed a pro se complaint in the circuit court of Cook County. Plaintiff Jacob Szafranski sought to keep Defendant Karla Dunston from using the frozen pre-embryos so he was not forced to father a child against his will. Defendant Karla Dunston ended up counterclaiming and asking the court to grant her sole custody and control over the pre-embryos so she could someday use the pre-embryos to bear her children. Defendant Karla Dunston sited breach of contract and asked the court for relief under promissory estoppel. The circuit court ended up siding with Defendant Karla Dunston by granting her full custody and control over the use of the frozen pre-embryos.

Mike McKee’s article, "Weighing the Right to Own an Embryo," made the front page of the Recorder, a daily legal newspaper published in San Francisco reporting on legal advice and interests of attorneys and legal practitioners. How did he make his article such a success? What made it front page worthy in the eyes of this legal audience? McKee’s article, "Weighing the Right to Own an Embryo," appeals to a legal audience by presenting an unbiased framework and evidence.

We are living in a new era where technology can help women have babies in unconventional ways. Having children is a personal choice. In some people’s view, government should not be regulating when people should and should not start having a family. The ethical issue is when the parents start applying for governmental benefits after the baby is conceived via In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and born posthumously. When practicing IVF, are we violating God’s will? This paper is to discuss the views of the four candidates interviewed in relation to posthumous conception and delivery, their views on benefits/inheritance entitlement to these babies, and ethical principles and theories in

In this case study a couple by the name of Michelle and Brian Clifford decided to conceive a child after a few years of the marriage. After five years of trying with no results they consulted a fertility expert and it was found that Michelle was unable to have children naturally so they decided to try IVF treatments. Michelle’s eggs were harvested and introduced to Brain’s sperm in the laboratory. After a few days four embryos were implanted into Michelle and the other seven were placed in a freezer for further use. The first IVF procedure was unsuccessful and during the following years of the IVF treatments Michelle’s and Brian were having marital issues. They filed for divorce and Brian wanted to donate the embryos for research and Michelle

The 70's focused on research that involved fetuses in utero. The 80's shifted to research of transplantation of fetal tissue into adults with serious medical conditions such as diabetes, Parkinson's, and spinal cord injuries. The latest saga involves using cells from days-old "spare" embryos that are created in infertility treatment process and all are considered unethical and unmoral issues.

Women that do not want to birth an embryo and have acquired pregnancy from a partner that does may cause the father to argue and convince the mother to use her body to carry his fetus to term. A great example of the fetus only being the male’s interest and pregnancy being the result from both partners engaging in sexual acts to produce an offspring is stated in the Decision To Abort article. The Decision To Abort article states, “Steve did pursue his interests in sex, companionship, and procreation in morally legitimate ways. In fact, this fetus is the object and result of his pursuit of these interests. Thus, this fetus is a legitimate object of Steve's concern and hence is his and only his. Given this, if Michelle destroys this fetus without his consent, she will cause Steve a wrongful harm. Specifically, she will harm Steve by interfering with his interest in procreation. Moreover, in so far as this fetus is just Steve's, he alone gets to decide on the issue of abortion” (Hanrahan 29). When a man is pursuing his interest in sexual acts to produce a child, the embryo created is his top priority and if the mother destroys his top priority without his consent, it effects the father significantly. Communication plays a huge role in whether or not the men’s input will be accepted by the biological mother in the decision of abortion.

The cases of Baker and Landon and the earlier case of Aldridge and keaton both have considered the parenting rights when i a child is conceived as a result of IVF and when the applicant is not biologically related to the child. In these cases, the court found that for a person to be successfully identified as the parent of the child conceived through IVF, the non-biological person must first establish themselves into one of the categories under section 60H of the Family Law Act. When a child is born to a women as a result of an artificial contraception procedure while the women was (1) married to, or a de-facto partner of, an other intended partner and (2) whether there was consent, then for the purpose of

Overall, the surrogate proves to have rights that need to be identified and upheld. Those rights may conflict with the rights of the intended parents both legally and ethically. As we consider the contracts used in surrogacy and previous court cases, we have a more concise ruling on the borders of the end of the surrogate’s rights and the beginning of the intended parent’s rights.

An issue that has caused great legal debate is the freezing of eggs and embryos. Freezing allows savings eggs or embryos for later implantation; not all are used. However, frozen embryos and eggs generally have a lower success rate. The question arises of what happens to them if the couple decides to divorce, or one or both of them dies? These situations have been decided through court determinations. In 1987, the status of frozen embryos was brought before the Victorian courts with the case of Mr and Mrs Rios, who had died in a plane crash. The embryos from Mr and Mrs Rios had been frozen in 1981. There were many ethical and moral concerns regarding this case. Should the embryos remain frozen indefinitely, be donated, or kept for research? The Infertility (Medical Procedures) Act

Disney’s new movie “Frozen” has caught the eyes of viewers and has surprised us all, reaching No. 1 in the box Office and have pass over $300 million of tickets sold, this movie has no sign of slowing down any time soon. “Frozen’ is one of the few recent Disney films to capture the classic Disney script, like “Cinderella” or “Snow White”, it’s a heart warming and loving story, guaranteed to thaw a frozen heart. Unlike the usual Disney princess story line where the girl has a poor life or things just don’t turn out like there suppose to, they wish upon a star, fall in love, then bibbidi-bobbdi-boo they have a happily ever after. Frozen strayed off from tradition and decided to go for more of a different approach. True love has always been a

One anti-ESC argument is the ethical concerns that have been linked to the routinely used methods for inner cell mass isolation (ICM) that required some destruction of an embryo. One rebuttal to this argument is the fact that 400,000 frozen embryos are already existed and stored in United States and statistics show that actually the number is higher and higher every year. These embryos are collected from couples that reach to the point where they don’t want to have another baby. The choices the couples have at this point regarding these extra embryos are four choices: keep them in a storage for a fee, discard the embryos, donate the embryos to other couples, or donate them to science. Many couples don’t like to donate their embryos to another couple and let them raise their children. Other couples would like to keep their embryos, but they don’t have the money to pay the fee. Therefore, it is concluded to either discard the embryos, which is a waste of great resources, or donate them to science and benefit from their potentials. "Deciding the Fate of Frozen Embryos" is a survey has been done by the Journal of Fertility and Sterility and showed that 66% of fertility patients that decided to not have any more children would have liked to donate their embryos to research.

As Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is getting more developed and frequently adopted, this brings infertile couples’ dream of eagerly having babies to reality. In Evans v Amicus Healthcare Arden LJ further commented that, “infertility can cause the woman or man affected great personal distress. In the case of a woman, the ability to give birth to a child gives many women a supreme sense of fulfilment and purpose in life. It goes to their sense of identity and to their dignity.” However, risks such as embryos getting infected may potentially be occurred while using ART. Surrogacy may create psychological pressure on infertile couples, and trigger disputes regarding the legal parentage of the child resulting from surrogacy.