Fuel Cell Essay

The Hydrogen Fuel Cell could revolutionize the world. This ingenious technology, which creates electricity from the chemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen has, in its 150-year history, passed many of the critical tests along the path from invention to innovation. Recent developments in fuel cell technology and concurrent developments within the energy and automotive industries have brought the world to brink of the fuel cell age and the hydrogen economy.

density than what is required by ASHRAE 90. 1 – 2007. For the whole campus, they use a natural gas cogeneration system that provides heating and cooling to the facility through a variable air volume system. While using this natural cogeneration system, it is predicted energy use intensity outperforms the current 2030 Challenge target even before renewable systems were considered.

     "We need more stringent regulations on car emissions... Let's add MTBE to the fuel- that will reduce pollution... If people would just stop driving so much, pollution wouldn't be so bad..." People have long recognized the problems with the gasoline we used now.  We have tried everything from putting regulations on emissions, to putting additives in the gasoline (only to discover later that MTBE got into the groundwater), to campaigns to get people off the road.  However, more and more cars are on the roads as the population increases, and people are not going to stop driving.  Additives are as likely to cause problems as they are to prevent them.  Just changing the

The majority of biomass power plants use direct combustion. In a cogeneration facility the steam from the boiler is captured to heat water and buildings. Although this is a dependable technology it only achieves a thermal efficiency of 20%. This can, however, be increased by cogeneration or by co-firing which is the burning of biomass along with coal. Another method being used is gasification of biomass.

While this is great to the consumer, the renewable sector’s growth was more stagnant. Attention was diverted to use another greenhouse producing fossil fuel rather than a clean renewable. A trend in U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (2017) data showed renewable sector’s power production since 2008 grew only 5.7% as compared to natural gas production 18%. Another disadvantage to the diversion from renewables is the additional carbon dioxide generated from these additional plants operating. “About 24 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions are related to natural gas in 2011” (Natural gas prices. (n.d.)). The replacement of coal-fired power plants with natural gas has let to a decrease of the green house gases, mainly particulate matter and sulfur dioxide emissions. “Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions produced in the generation of electricity at power plants in the United States declined by 73% from 2006 to 2015, a much larger reduction than the 32% decrease in coal-fired electricity generation over that period.” U.S. Energy Information Administration (2017). This shows that more efficient control equipment can be used to almost eliminate the trace amounts of sulfur dioxide in natural gas.

Air pollution from the operation of vehicles and mobile equipment may be reduced by replacing with vehicles that use alternative fuels from diesel or gas to natural gas and electric. The facility can replace the cars with electric which they will be able to recharge on site. This would also eliminate fumes from the refueling process. Other types of vehicles could be replaced with LNG. With the facility being a CHP using natural gas, they may be capable of refueling process on site. Both of these can reduce the CO2 that the site generates. Based on the regulations in California, the site could request credits

For the past three months, we were taking a LEAD program it taught me a lot about, how like drugs and drinking and the harmful things that smoking and taking dip and other drugs can do to you. This showed me what will happen when you take drugs. The Lead program has affected the way I think about my future. It showed meif someone offers some types of drug doesn't take it and the ways to prevent me from trying it and I can tell others and try to stop them from trying it to. So I have a goal to help others and show them as well and, what will happen to them.

If St. Paul were to switch from our conventional (separate) heating and power systems to a CHP (combined heat and power) system, immense amounts of energy could be saved and repurposed (1). A conventional system is roughly 49% efficient (lost energy due to transport, heat loss) and that a CHP system would be between 75-80% efficient (1). An improvement of 30% in our energy production would reduce emissions, costs, and the need to purchase power. This idea of a CHP is great for the large scale, but not entirely feasible for the St. Paul Campus. The director of the steam plant, Joshua Svejcar, stated that the St. Paul Campus simply does not use enough energy (5MW) for a CHP to be feasible. Another project that ought to be considered would be converting steam to hot water. This is considered “low-grade heat” and would retain more heat during transport, thus reducing waste (1). Yet another fascinating idea occurs in the Dairy Barn on the St. Paul Campus. If we implemented a biodigester which can turn waste to heat, the amount of manure and waste from the Dairy Barn would be enough to sustainably power itself (1). This would also remove large amounts of methane emissions from the St. Paul Campus (1).

Well we all know that the energy system is very unstable because the total energy available on the earth is limited, and man has exploited all the conventional technologies to fulfill his needs. By the use of these conventional technologies, the world also has a disability, with problems such as global warming. Consumption of energy by man increased gradually as his wants also increase. The conventional energy resources mainly include fossil fuels, but research shows that this fuel source will be depleted completely in approximately 20-25 years. This could cause major setbacks around the world. As a result, we need an alternative source of fuel that could keep the world running on its wheel. One possibility is ethanol. Chemically extract

However, there is the potential for higher emissions reductions using increasingly energy efficient types of sustainable technologies such as cogeneration, district energy, construction certification standards, and others.

Tesla Motors Inc. is preparing for its Toronto debut in January 2010. Tesla wants to create preorder sales for its debut. The company wants to position its vehicles as viable alternatives to

The most of global energy production produces from fossil fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas. The vast fossil fuels generate energy which use for many purposes for instant residential, transportation and industrial sectors. While the rate consumption of fossil fuel higher than their formation leads to oil price crisis. Another concern of fossil fuel combustion is the impact on the environment. Global warming is a significant problem which results in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. These problems drive researchers and societies to search alternative energy such as switching to renewable energy or carbon-free energy to replace fossil fuels. For example Nakata et al., (2011:465) show ‘low-carbon society’

Finding energy sources is an issue that polarizes scientists, politicians and citizens alike. The most critical points of this debate are at fossil fuels and renewable energy. Energy efficiency is arguably the most dire concern facing the planet, because it significantly impacts all areas of everyday life. Common ground can be found in this controversy because both parties do agree that humans have a responsibility to future generations. That responsibility is to preserve the resources of the Earth, while offering this generation energy that is affordable and accessible.

A battery is defined as being an electrochemical cell that has the ability to turn chemical energy into electrical energy. All batteries contain an anode, cathode, electrolyte and a separator. The difference between distinct types of batteries are the materials used as the electrodes and electrolyte. There are two types of battery categories in which all batteries can fall under, the primary battery which is a single use battery cell and the secondary battery cell which can be recharged and used numerous times.1 Secondary batteries especially the lithium ion battery (LIB) have successfully taken over the electronics market in the last two decades. LIBs power everyday items such as laptops, smartphones and numerous other gadgets that are used in our daily lives.2

One of the important issues to ensure the safety of a ship in the case of a gas leak is the condition of air flow inside the fuel cell stack package. Poor air flow increases the risk of fire or explosion by accumulating leaked gas in one place. Against this backdrop, the installation place for a ventilating fan and its capacity should be properly decided to make the air flow smooth inside the package, and an alarm unit and gas detector should be installed at the proper place to detect gas leak. In this study, we report the characteristics of air flow inside the stack package to ensure the safety in the case of a gas leak for the 300 kW MCFC stack package model ships by applying CFD techniques. aimed at the places where leaked gas