1.1 INTRODUCTION
Not only to save energy but also to protect the global environment, fuel consumption reduction is main concern of automobile development. In development of vehicle body, it is essential to reduce drag for improving fuel consumption and driving performance. An aerodynamically purified body is not only aesthetically attractive but also it will help much to increase the vehicles appeal to the customer [1].
If a body of arbitrary shape, immerged in a large stationary mass of fluid is moved with constant velocity through the fluid, the body exerts a force to the fluid, which opposes the motion of the body [4]. Also the fluid exerts a force to the body as every action have equal and opposite direction. The force exerts on the body or the fluid results from the relative motion between the emerged body and its surroundings fluid. As such it makes no difference in the magnitude of the force whether the body through the stationary fluid or the fluid flows about the immerged body which is at rest [5]. In general, vehicles are known to be aerodynamically insufficient compare to other ground vehicles due to their large frontal areas and bluff-body shapes. The insufficient aerodynamic shape results in excessive drag which leads to elevated fuel consumption rate [3]. A streamlined shape of vehicle is very important in reducing fuel demand by up to 7%. Vehicles with an aerodynamic shape use less fuel. Air flows easily over them and less energy is needed to
Recently in 4th hour Technology systems, we designed, built, and raced our CO2 dragster cars. We were given the opportunity to (within preset design constraints) design and create racing dragsters to compete on the track. For my design, I decided that the simpler the design, the more aerodynamic it would be. I didn’t have any prior experience with this, so my design decision was nearly a shot in the dark.
The author first explains what a hybrid is, stating “A hybrid is a cross between two established varieties of plant, animal… or technology.” She introduces the hybrid vehicle, a new form of technology that stands as a possible answer for a vehicle that is both energy preserving and safer for the environment. Before she dives into details of how the vehicle works, she enlightens the reader on what the article is about and the objective of the hybrid vehicle. Students enrolling in an engineering course in a post-secondary institution will be more
For many years, the only way to fuel a car has been through gasoline. Many people believe that it the best form of operation, but recently alternatives to gas have surfaced. Today we opt to purchase hybrid, solar, and electric cars instead of gas fueled. The problem lies in the difference of efficiency of gas fueled cars versus alternative fuel options. Do we need gas fueled cars? Is it worth the extra money for an electric or hybrid car? Do gas fueled cars really affect the environment? Will getting rid of gas fueled cars cause a loss of jobs ? People need to understand that the continuation of gas fueled cars are detrimental to the environment. The replacement of gas fueled vehicles is best for the natural world.
Abstract—In this modern era, many advancements in technology have been witnessed. Research and data collected around the world have allowed for these advancements to take place. This has allowed for a better understanding of the footprint humans leave on the environment. As a result, this has allowed for the planet to become eco-friendlier. An eco-friendly advancement in the 21st century is the electric vehicle. There are a plethora of benefits using electric vehicles. Some advantages include no emissions, cost-effective, and low maintenance.
The United States of America is one of the biggest automobile markets in the world. This trend has also created awareness for environmentalist to bring attention to rising level of pollution and emission within the cities and metropolis. As response, the U.S. Government is encouraging the automobile manufacturers to produce clean and renewable alternative vehicles that will drastically reduce pollution and emission. Subsequently, the automobile industry has witnessed a gradual introduction of environmental friendly vehicles that use clean and renewable energy to encourage less pollution and safer environment. The manufactures of these vehicles have introduced into the market three categories of electric passenger car
The studies have shown that electric vehicles can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to “6.12 billion tons annually” (Westbrook, 2001). Even though they need mainly coal as a supply of electricity, they produce less harmful emissions than oil, which is the main source of energy for transport modes, driven by gasoline (Westbrook, 2001). With the development of renewable energy technologies that use the power of wind or solar energy, people can get a clean source of electricity, which will make the electric car more friendly to nature. In addition, the introduction of “regenerative braking system” will allow cars to convert the force of inertia into electricity, thus, adding, extra batteries, which, in return, increase its
Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a tremendous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer.
Hybrid vehicles are continuously gaining popularity in the general public. With the growing societal concerns about green revolution and also achieving significant reduction in fuel consumption, hybrid vehicles are considered satisfactory in performance. They have become so popular that certain tax incentives have been offered by the government on hybrid vehicles. Due to their better performance compared with gas powered vehicles, we present the thesis of our paper as follows:
Ever since the beginning of the automobile industry in 1885 when the Motorwagen was invented with an internal-combustion engine, car design has radically changed over the course of history. Hundreds of small changes over a 150-year period have seen cars get faster, more fuel-efficient, and overall just look cooler. But how have cars changed so much? What are the physics behind the modern sleek designs you now see driving the streets as opposed to the vintage block-shaped designs you see at antique car shows?
This report outlines the rank, make and model of Sporty Cars/Roadsters and their fuel efficiency. After the completion of necessary test, the following rating information in this PowerPoint presentation features cars with an overall mpg of 27 or higher. Any one interested in fast cars would definitely be interested in this report and the inclusion on the most fuel economic fast cars would be a plus to our customers.
All the vehicle OEM 's are making a major effort to improve fuel consumption and reduce tailpipe CO2 emissions. One of the most common application for reducing tailpipe CO2 is using alternative energy sources than gasoline and diesel [1]. In accordance, this paper aims to present an outline design for a PHEV version of the Ford Focus family hatchback for the UK Market.
Some people think that electric cars are great on power but in reality they are not great on power. According to Alternative Fuel Vehicles hybrids smaller are internal combustion engines and lighter weight help maximize efficiency, but can reduce acceleration.
Electric cars are becoming very popular in today’s world and are becoming more main stream. One reason for this is the need for automobiles that have a lower or a zero carbon footprint. For the majority of the history of the automobile, the propulsion system was a gas or a diesel engine that would run off of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels is very hazardous to our world and also creates much toxic pollution. However, electric cars run off of electricity, which is a very clean and pollution free resource, depending on how the electricity was produced of course. In this paper we are going to examine the history of electric cars, look into modern electric car technology, and peer into the future of electric car technology to see if EVs might be the answer to dramatically reducing our global pollution.
The average driver doesn’t think about what keeps their car moving or what keeps them on the road, but that’s because they don’t have to. The average driver doesn’t have to worry about having enough downforce to keep them on the road or if they will reach the adhesive limit of their car’s tires around a turn. These are the things are the car designers, professional drivers, racing pit crews, serious sports car owners, and physicist think about. Physics are an important part of every sports and racing car design. The stylish curves and ground effects on sports cars are usually there not just for form but function as well allowing you to go speeds over 140 mph in most serious sports cars and remain on the road and in
Technology has been advancing since the turn of the century at an unparalleled pace with the constant announcement of new gadgets and innovations. Of the thousands of new technological advancements made in the past decade, the introduction of the electric car has been the most widely discussed topic. Electric cars are one hundred percent emission free and can replace the fire spitting, bone chilling sounds of a thunderous gasoline engine with the eloquent silence of luxury and speed. However, as with all things technological, electric vehicles have their problems. Electric cars have several benefits and could possibly replace gas cars in the future, but they are not refined enough to take over the world today because of a few technicalities