Fuel Prices And Concerns Of Global Warming

* Lighter fraction make better fuels as they ignite more easily and burn well, with cleaner (less smoky) flame.

The world has seen fuel prices spiral up or down to meet supply and demand. Because of this, people need to choose a cost effective fuel to meet their needs. Vehicles in the world today run off of many different types of fuel. Biodiesel is a modern fuel compared to the commonly known diesel. Biodiesel has several advantages over diesel. Biodiesel fuel comes from a renewable resource, it is better on the environment, and it meets the Environmental Protection Agency’s definition for fuel standards. In addition, Biodiesel is the most promising alternative fuel source, backed by both federal approval and incentives. Finally, consumer attitudes are changing for the positive when it comes to biodiesel. For these reasons, biodiesel should be used more often by people in the world today.

In transport sector, bioethanol is considered a main alternative fuel and there is significant increase in production from 17 to 86 billion litres over the period 2000-2011 [1]. There is an expectation to exceed over 125 billion litres by 2020 [1, 2]. Normally ethanol is blended with petrol with several percentages, either low 5% (E5), 10% (E10) or high 85% (E85) [1].

Switching from the expensive oil to alternative fuels has moved from a dream to reality. Today, there are dozens of alternatives to oil that are currently available us to be used. One alternative to oil that is being used more today is ethanol. Derived from plant materials, ethanol can be a cheaper, cleaner alternative to the gasoline that our vehicles run off. When going to gas pumps, one will notice that much of the gasoline is up to 10 percent of ethanol. According to our text, most ethanol in the U.S. is made from corn, yet ethanol can be made from any biomes-- including garbage. (Turk & Bensel, 2011)

Example problem: How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced when 20.0 g acetylene (C2H2) is burned?

For many years, the only way to fuel a car has been through gasoline. Many people believe that it the best form of operation, but recently alternatives to gas have surfaced. Today we opt to purchase hybrid, solar, and electric cars instead of gas fueled. The problem lies in the difference of efficiency of gas fueled cars versus alternative fuel options. Do we need gas fueled cars? Is it worth the extra money for an electric or hybrid car? Do gas fueled cars really affect the environment? Will getting rid of gas fueled cars cause a loss of jobs ? People need to understand that the continuation of gas fueled cars are detrimental to the environment. The replacement of gas fueled vehicles is best for the natural world.

mass of acetic acid=mass of vingear in bottle×.07 Calculated the moles of CH3COOH in soda bottle in mol.mass of 〖CH〗_3 COOH×(1 mole)/(60.04g)

Figs. 5(b) and (c) show the CO and THC emissions from the combustion of the four fuels under different BMEPs. The CO emissions from the combustion of all the four fuels decreased gradually with increasing BMEP. Under a small BMEP, the combustion temperature was generally low, and the CO emissions mainly came from the combustion in the cylinder low-temperature regions [43]; as the BMEP increased, the in-cylinder temperature increased and the CO emissions decreased. It can also be observed that CO emissions increased after the addition of n-butanol to pure diesel. This happens because n-butanol has a low cetane number and shows poor combustibility, and a larger portion of over-thin gas mixture was formed before the combustion, thus the combustion

Bio-fuels are also known as agro fuels. They are a renewable source of energy made from animal and vegetable material and a large portion of municipal solid and industrial waste. Bio-fuels are major sources of fuel from biomass. Biomass is any organic material stored in the tissues of living plants and animals. Plants generate their energy from the solar power using the chlorophyll in the leaves to create tissue from water in the ground and carbon dioxide in the air and animals take their energy from plants either by directly eating plants or by eating other animals that have eaten plants. Even though biofuels are sources of energy obtained from renewable resources, the positive effects to the environment are far outweighed by the negative effects to the environment from the production of these biofuels. Our need for energy is increasing day by day for heating, cooling, cooking, driving, etc. One of the major reasons for the development of bio-fuels is the act that fossil fuel oil reserves are limited. Based on total worldwide oil reserves of 143.1 thousand million tons of oil (end 2001) and a worldwide oil consumption rate of 3510.6 million tons, it is estimated that the oil reserves will probably last until 2044. Also, there has been increasing concerns regarding global emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides. Biodiesel, which is the most popular form of bio-fuel, is used in any diesel

-5099 KJ/mol is for petrol that has been calculated to one mol because the top equation is calculated in two mol

Scientists are constantly looking for new and more efficient alternatives for fuel. Not only are these for environmental purposes, but because of depleting fuel levels caused by over-consumption. One common substitute for fuel-commonly>??? made of crude oil or petroleum is ethanol fuel. This fuel, also know as ethyl alcohol, is created by the fermentation and distillation of corn. There are three main advantages and disadvantages when contemplating the use of this alternative fuel.

CO2 is the most significant greenhouse gas, which mainly comes from the use of fossil fuels. Many people feel that content of CO2 in the atmosphere is the main reason for manmade global warming. The main sources of CO2 emissions involve electricity generation, industrial processes, fumes from transportation and commercial buildings and use. Emissions of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere are expected to cause even more of a significant change in global climate (Davison, 2007). The main focus to try to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to reduce the amount that is released from coal-fired power plants. Greenhouse gas emissions that involve the productions of electricity come from natural gas production and coal-fired power plant operations. Natural gas production accounts for twenty-four percent and coal-fired power plant operations accounts for seventy-five percent, while the other one percent is caused by other electricity generation operations. The main reason why coal-fired power plants have a higher percentage of emissions is because the sulfur content of coal is much higher than that of other fossil fuels (Jarmaillo et al., 2007). This proves that there is a great need to find an alternative fossil fuel to use instead of coal. Although coal is easy to mine, transport and process for the electricity generation process, it is also the

This essay will first discuss the advantages of using corn ethanol as the main source of fuel in the future, such as the renewable features of corn itself, and the benefits of using corn ethanol as an additive of gasoline instead of using gasoline alone. However, everything has its strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, the second part of the essay will discuss some of the weaknesses in applying the fuel into practical usage. For example, corn ethanol currently encounters technical limitations serving itself as a standalone fuel, meaning that corn ethanol can only function by combining itself with a certain amount of gasoline, while gasoline is a kind of fossil fuel. Lastly, this essay will conduct a comparison with other renewable resources in the world, including solar power, other biofuels, and hydrogen fuel.

Biodiesel is a biofuels very important and a clean energy source as an alternative to petroleum fuels. Biodiesel can be produced through transesterification reaction catalysed by chemically or enzymatically. There are certain advantages of Enzymatic transesterification over the chemical catalysis of transesterification as it is a “green” process. Biodiesel has some advantages and disadvantages. Transportability, high combustion efficiency, low sulphur and aromatic content, biodegradability and high flash points which important in storage and transporting are advantages of the biodiesel. Disadvantages of biodiesel are high viscosity, lower energy

Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, used cooking oils, and animal fats by the production process called “trans-esterification” to convert those mixtures to the chemicals which have long chain mono alkyl esters or fatty acid methyl esters which can be used as “fuel” for vehicles. Approximately, 100 pounds of vegetable oil react with 10 pounds of alcohol (commonly methanol) in the presence of a catalyst, sodium hydroxide; later, 100 pounds of biodiesel and 10 pounds of glycerol (co-product) can be produced. For the glycerol which can be used for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Therefore, biodiesel can be considered as totally natural, alternative fuel source to be available for using in most of