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Fugue By Paul Celan Deathfugue

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“To write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric”; a famous quote by Theodore Adorno, yet Paul Celan attempts to do just that in writing “Deathfugue”. Holocaust survivor Paul Celan poetically depicted the horrors of the Holocaust through his most famous work, “Deathfugue”. Celan’s first-hand experience in Romanian labor camps gave him the inspiration to compose this piece of poetic literature. A fugue is a musical technique that includes repetition of similar phrases built and interwoven by a certain theme; in Celan’s poem this theme represents the atrocities of the Holocaust. The incorporation of the word “fugue” in the title of Celan’s poem implies the musical component that “Deathfugue” is characterized by. The poem’s setting takes place in …show more content…

The poem begins every stanza with the term “black milk” in reference to the vile and dreadful quality of the prisoner experience in the Nazi camps. “Black milk of daybreak we drink it… we drink and we drink” (1-3). When reading the term “black milk”, Celan elicits the visualization of the prisoners literally drinking unpurified black water or sludge that is poisonous to their health. The “black milk” that Celan repetitively mentions becomes a recurring theme in the poem that refers to the atrociousness of the Holocaust and the concentration …show more content…

At first, the poem introduces the Nazi officer’s obsession with German culture and literary works in the line, “he writes when it grows dark to Deutschland your golden hair Marguerite” (6). Marguerite is a feminine character found in the German poem, Faust, which was written by Germany’s most famous writer, Wolfgang von Goethe. The “golden hair” that the Nazi officer repeats throughout the poem represents the idealistic values of the Aryan race and the physical qualities that characterizes an Aryan. As the poem progresses, Celan introduces a representative from the Jewish Old Testament to contrast the German Marguerite. “Your ashen hair Shulamith we shovel a grave in the air there you won’t lie too cramped” (16). By presenting Shulamith, Celan establishes the values and physical qualities of the Jewish people. The word “ashen” represents two different ideas in the poem. At first, “ashen” seems to represent only the color of Shulamith’s hair, which is dark and characteristic of the majority of Jewish people’s hair color. Secondly, and more profoundly, “ashen” symbolizes the ashes of cremated Jewish bodies that were burned in Nazi concentration camps.
In the last stanza of the poem, Celan compares “Death” to the German nation and the Nazis. “Death is ein Meister aus Deatchland his eye it is blue” (31). This quote brings forth

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