Fulcher Of Chartres Summary

At least the Muslims didn't savagely murder Christians, which was the strategy for the Christian crusaders. How did the Christian crusaders re-conquer the territory they considered to be theirs? The Islamic leaders slowly lost control over their lands due to internal factional differences. Therefore, the Christians were able to make advancements towards the campaign of the re-conquista, the conquest.

The attacks were unsuspecting on the towns and villages so that they couldn’t maintain order. All the while this was taking place the Frankish Empire was falling apart. They begin to fight among each other for the Kingdom. They became a disorder society. Life may have been not suitable for some but feudalism turned dysfunction into order during a violent time.

The Moors also built atalayas, or watchtowers and rock castles that served as part of the defense system for the castle. The watchtowers were used as communication devices for castles that were great distances apart. The watchtowers would signal the castle in case of an enemy attack by using smoke and mirrors. They built rock castles, or small defense castles high on rocks, using the natural terrain to the maximum effect. Since the rock castles were small they did not house many soldiers.

    Document B describes the riches that the Franks took from the Saracens after breaking into the city: “The Franks stripped the Dome of the Rock of more than forty silver candelabra . . . and more than twenty gold ones, and a great deal more of booty.” The document also states that Jerusalem had been attacked strategically. The Franks chose to attack multiple parts of the city at once to ensure their victory: “It had scarcely ceased to burn before a messenger arrived to ask for help at and to bring the news that the other side of the city had fallen.” This document was not written with any bias, but I am

After their exile, around fifty-thousand Jews returned to Jerusalem which was now called Judaea. The leader of Judea, the Persian King Cyrus, allowed the Jews to return and to build another place of worship (Fisher 251). The second temple was built in 515 BCE and according to the text Living Religions, became “the central symbol to a scattered Jewish nation” (Fisher). The temple became a place where the Torah was formed and where the religion prospered. However, Jewish prosperity was not going to last. After four centuries of Roman rule, that was domineering and dreadful, a group of Jews decided to rebel against their oppressors. This led to Jews being slaughtered by the Romans and to the second Temple being destroyed. All that is left of the Temple are foundation stones which are referred to as the Western Wall. The temple has never been rebuilt and the Western Wall has become a place for prayer and remembrance for Jews all over the world. Jewish people look at the Western Wall as a representation of the hardships and oppression that their religion and people have endured. According to the article, Mystical Secret of the Western Wall:

In Document B it states that in Constantinople the elaborate defense worked to create a surrounding wall around Constantinople. The walls were erected in the 5th century to protect the city against the Goths and Huns. The Goths and Huns, captured Rome. They served their purpose well, holding off invaders for nearly one thousand years, a single wall bounded the city’s seaward sides, which were defended by the Byzantine fleet. On the landside, the Byzantines constructed a moat and three walls that were 25 feet thick. Invaders were faced first with the moat some 60 feet wide and 22 feet deep that was normally dry but could be flooded by pipes. Behind the moat was a low wall to shield a line of archers. If the attackers could overcome this first defense, they were confronted by a second wall, 27 feet high, which sheltered more troops. Beyond the second the third and strongest bulwark. Its towers, some 70 feet high, housed more archers and missile throwers. Only the force of gunpowder finally demolished the protecting walls, bringing Constantinople down. During 1,100 year history of the Byzantine Empire, 24 efforts were made to capture the city of Constantinople. Only two were successful. The Crusaders entered the city in 1204 but were eventually thrown out a few decades later. The Turkish invasion in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. A couple examples of architecture in the Byzantine Empire

these walls, it decreased the amount of harm such as invasions from the city. In Document B, it

Finally if possible to get through all this they had to give there all for the last wall. Standing at 70 feet high, this wall housed more archers and missile throwers. The only thing that could destroy these walls was the force of

The Muslims were very brave people and took part in many different battles to try and outdo their opponents, so that they could overtake different lands. The Muslims proved to be fierce and would show absolutely no mercy to the people that denied to surrender their beliefs to those of the Muslims. After many battles had taken place the Muslims grew stronger, proving that their power was to strong to be taken down.

a translation for the word “streets” as to “plazas” giving the definition as follows; “A conduit for water, such as an aqueduct.” 7 Miller goes on to translate the word “walls” as “moats”. This translation is not into literal form as we understand the word “wall” but rather this particular word choice for “wall” in biblical time derives from the root translation, “To cut or sharpen.”8 This most makes sense with the understanding that todays modern lexicographers lay out this translation as “ditch”. With all of this knowledge the conclusion remains that they dug ditches while waiting for it to be filled with water, in which is conducive with the arid climate of this

The Western Wall, is part of the courtyard from Second Temple of Jerusalem which was destroyed by the Romans in A.D. 70. The Jews make this structure to be so sacred, because it is what’s left from the roots of the Jewish religion.

The Siege of a Castle was a guarantied victory, but it took a long time of patience. Patience was the key to victory with this strategy, however it was scarce in the battlefield, because of the angry, impatient soldiers waiting to get home to their families. The city walls were suppose to be fortifying a position that could not be easily overrun, and that it could be strong enough to enable the defense to maintain that position for a long period of time. Siege of a fort, castle, or city walls had four basic concepts. The Sieging technique was directly directed towards these four. In order for the attackers to get inside they would have to go over the wall, tear a passage through the wall, dig a tunnel underneath it, or just wait until the defenders surrendered.

This is probably due to the following portion of the cylinder: “The population of Babylon calls blessings on my kingship, and I have enabled all the lands to live in peace. Every day I copiously supplied … geese, two ducks and ten pigeons more than the geese, ducks and pigeons …. I sought out to strengthen the guard on the wall Imgur-Enlil, the great wall of Babylon, and … the quay of baked brick on the bank of the moat which an earlier king had built but not completed, I … its work. … Which did not surround the city outside, which no earlier king had built, his troops, and the levee from his land, in/to Shuanna? … With bitumen and baked brick I built anew, and completed its work. … Great doors of cedar wood with copper cladding. I installed all their doors, threshold slabs and door fittings with copper parts.” *(British Museum)

The accumulated debris contributed fresh evidence on the earlier history of the present North Wall line. With the help of Robert Hamilton’s detailed excavation report, one is able to use the findings to reconstruct the sequence of the wall’s construction, reconstruct the sequence of the accumulation of debris [pottery and coins] at its base, and to put these reconstructions together to tell the story of the wall.

Chartres Cathedral is one of the most significant achievements of all the historical architecture. Additionally, it is entirely preserved with its original details. The unique features of the cathedral are intact, and thus when one visits the place, he or she is likely to encounter the authentic architecture work as it was done many years ago. Chartres Cathedral symbolizes an atmosphere of awe and holiness (Katzenellenbogen, 2). As such, it was built for religious purposes. However, it attracts the nonbelievers as well. As a holy building, it has many glass windows to light the building. Due to its height, a double flying buttresses is used to support the high nave. The cathedral was the first building in history that used buttresses since it was considered as necessary for the peoples’ culture and as a sign of authority. It was built to reflect a symbol of power since the religious leaders engaged in politics too. The cathedral has many statuses that represent the Biblical aspects such as Elijah, Isaiah, John the Baptist, Jeremiah, and Simeon (Katzenellenbogen, 9). The standings portray the Christian faith that was used by the architectures while building the cathedral. The interior floor stands thirty-six meters high and is one hundred and twenty-eight meters wide. The sizes show how vital it is and it can host many peoples who visit for religious functions.