Fulvalene Synthesis

In part A, the Grignard reagent was created. Mg is added between the benzene ring and the bromine by means of a non-chain radical reaction. Initially, Mg donates and electron to bromide and heterolytically breaks the C-Br bond; therefore, this results in a carbon radical, Br - ion, and a Mg+ radical. Next, the carbon radical and the Mg+ radical bond together, and the Mg and Br - ionically bond together2. In the experiment, no initial color change to cloudy gray was observed. Eventually, it was decided to try and

After placing in darkness the colorless solution resulted by reformation of the radical intermediates to a new thermodynamic product via C-N bond at room temperature. UV-Vis was conducted on the solution before and after the irradiation with sunlight: UVtoluene 554.92nm, A=0.12 before irradiation and A=1.05 after. The peak at 554.92nm corresponds to yellow/green light and its complementary colour is red/violet. This validates the solutions violet color. The increased absorbance was accounted for an increase in the radical component. The radical was formed when exposed to light, which was visually apparent with the purple coloration and proved the thermodynamic dimer was also photochromic. When dimer 4 is exposed to light photons collide with the molecule and impart energy upon them. This energy is significant enough to break the bond between the two rings and results

The Hydroxyl group on alcohols relates to their reactivity. This concept was explored by answering the question “Does each alcohol undergo halogenation and controlled oxidation?” . Using three isomers of butanol; the primary 1-butanol, the secondary 2-butanol and the tertiary 2-methyl-2-propanol, also referred to as T-butanol, two experiments were performed to test the capabilities of the alcohols. When mixed with hydrochloric acid in a glass test tube, the primary alcohol and secondary alcohols were expected to halogenate, however the secondary and tertiary ended up doing so. This may have been because of the orientation of the Hydroxyl group when butanol is in a different

2. Using the atom and bond library below, construct the following molecule. It may be

In radical halogenations lab 1-chlorobutane and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution was mixed in a vial and put through tests to give a product that can then be analyzed using gas chromatography. This experiment was performed to show how a radical hydrogenation reaction works with alkanes. Four isomers were attained and then relative reactivity rate was calculated. 1,1-dichlorobutane had 2.5% per Hydrogen; 1,2-dichlorobutane had 10%; 1,3-dichlorobutane had 23%; and 1,4-dichlorobutane had 9.34% per Hydrogen.

The objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group, Br – versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group, 3◦ versus 2◦; and the polarity of the solvent, 40 percent 2-propanol versus 60 percent 2-propanol.

6. Purpose: to clarify the mechanism for the cycloaddition reaction between benzonitrile oxide and an alkene, and to test the regiochemistry of the reaction between benzonitrile oxide and styrene; to purify the crude product of either trans-stilbene, cis-stilbene, or styrene reaction.

Science A CH1HP H Unit Chemistry C1 Chemistry Unit Chemistry C1 Monday 10 June 2013 1.30 pm to 2.30 pm Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOTAL For this paper you must have:  a ruler  the Chemistry Data Sheet (enclosed).

In this laboratory experiment a synthesis was performed through several separate steps. The purpose of the experiment was to synthesize tetraphenylcyclopentadienone from benzaldehyde and to run reactions on carbonyl containing compounds. There was a total of three steps that led up to the synthesis of the final product, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The first step of the experiment was the condensation of benzaldehyde to yield benzoin. Thiamine catalyst along with water and ethanol were added to the benzaldehyde, then NaOH was added until the solution turned yellow. After recrystallization, the product was benzoin. Step two was the oxidation of benzoin to benzil.

The purpose of this experiment is to convert carbonyl compounds to alkenes using Wittig reaction. In this case we will be synthesizing Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene from benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 9-anthraldehyde. We will also aim to obtaining a high percent yield and purity for the synthesis of Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene. The mechanism for this reaction goes thus:

Abstract The purpose of these experiments is to find how the molecular components are affecting the macroscopic color of the solutions by recording the emission and absorbance spectrums for each solution. These experiments will help specify characteristics of the solution: its molecular and/or compounded configuration. Knowledge about the emission and absorbance information for the molecular composition allows for an identification to be made about the molecules or compounds within the solution, which then can be used to narrow down the possibilities for the solutions. The experiments will be conducted by observing the burning of the solutions to create emission spectrums and analyzing the solutions with a spectrophotometer to create the absorbance spectrums.

The light yellow precipitate was collected by suction filtration using a Hirsch funnel. The product was washed with two 1-mL portions of cold methanol followed by two 1-mL portions of diethyl ether. The product was dried in the oven at 110°C. The IR spectrum as a KBr pellet was obtained for the product and inosine for analysis.

Medicine is always pushing to make new strides and there are millions of scientists worldwide devoted to figuring out how the body works on a molecular level. Finding products that work in a targeted way is always a goal in combating illnesses like cancer and while there are a number of synthesized compounds being created, science is finding that going back to nature can yield interesting results. Proteins and molecules exist with a purpose and more are being discovered that work to heal the body and one of those compounds is fucoidan.

Difluoroacetate contains an ester functional group where the alkoxy oxygen contains an organic substituent with a difluoromethylene group on the alpha position to the carbonyl. The high electronegativity of fluorine ensures that the electronic nature of the CF2-group is a dominant characteristic and increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group in the ester 6 One of the key synthetic issues is to introduce a suitable leaving group attached to the difluoromethylene group.

As mention earlier, lignin composes of phenolic groups in structure. An electrochemistry of lignin based on electroactive quinone-hydroquinone couples which can be generated by demethylation of aromatic methoxy groups (Scheme 2-1). Quinone-hydroquinone couples are an example of organic redox systems occurring phenolic-type compounds in nature (e.g., humic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and dopamine).