Function of Biopower Essay

Modern day power originates from the mind in that we give certain figures power based upon man-made forms of value or worth like money. The definition of power has fluctuated throughout time, and while the past may have emphasized the more violent aspects, today, we have shifted towards a more control based interpretation. Both Michael Foucault and John Berger delve into the idea of power and its functionality. Based on their texts, in our current socio-cultural setting, power is best exploited when the concept behind the power is deindividualized for many purposes, internalized by the people, and integrated throughout society to the point that its origins is mystified.

Do not panic, Dr. Shah is the best professor! To the spring semester students who are taking Bio190, I think that the course name ‘Bio190’ may be scarier than the actual course! Of course this class is challenging, but it is no different from any other college course! As long as you pay attention in lectures/labs, actively participate and not be afraid to ask questions when topics are unclear, and study/review your notes every night, you will succeed! Dr. Shah’s lectures, notes, and PowerPoints are the best so do not worry, you are in good hands!

The ideas of borders, boundaries and border crossings are increasingly employed in a metaphorical sense that does not always refer to the physical border. These borders are progressively used to represent social and cultural boundaries. A cultural border indicates that a more powerful side constructs it’s own cultural knowledge and has added political power and privileges. When understanding the concept of borders, it is important to understand that borders are being referred to in a literal sense and in a figurative sense. The term literal can be referred to as taking words in their most basic sense without adding exaggeration or metaphorical meaning. The term figurative can be described to as departing from the literal use of words and adding metaphorical meaning. Figurative notions of borders within race have been a primary concern for the novels Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence by Doris Pilkington and Remembering Babylon by David Malouf. This essay will discuss and analyze the concept of figurative borders and what these borders represent. Lastly, this essay will explore in detail the concept of figurative borders within the two novels. Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence and Remembering Babylon have numerous

Mass surveillance is a word that has been thrown around every so often in the last few decades, especially ever since George Orwell’s book Nineteen Eighty-Four. Although this book was released over 60 years ago, some aspects of the book are seeming to become true in the United States, and other parts of the world today. The idea of mass surveillance isn’t so taboo anymore, as there are several programs ran by sovereign countries around the world which monitor their domestic citizens, as well as citizens and leaders of other foreign countries. With all of our technological communication advances since 1949, this age of information is only going to get more severe, and more tracking and monitoring will be done. The biggest offender of doing

Lab Manual    Introductory Biology (Version 1.4)    © 2010 eScience Labs, LLC  All rights reserved  www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487    2  Table of Contents:    Introduction:          Lab 1:   The Scientific Method  Lab 2:   Writing a Lab Report  Lab 3:  Data Measurement  Lab 4:  Introduction to the Microscope    Biological Processes:            Lab 5:   The Chemistry of Life 

Border Control has been a somewhat delicate issue since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, where countries such as the US have been infamous for introducing more harsher airplane and airport security, which marked the start of a new wave of security measures, fear and a whole new war on terror, many suggest that closing or tightening borders is a sign of weakness of the power of the state (Mary Bosworth, 2008) but in recent times, it has been a subject that has had heated discussion by areas of the government and bodies such as the UN, with the current terrorism issues currently plaguing the world, it has been a topic with heated debates on what measures need to be done, what are extreme measures, and the issues that come with either.

Through this analogy, Kaminer managed to bridge the gap between her conception of liberty and its relevance to the current surveillance systems. It is noteworthy, that Kaminer’s analogy has more appeal to the reader as it gives concrete examples that the reader is familiar with. The comparison used by the authors of “If Looks Kill” is rather theoretical. Even if lie detectors have been around for a long time, it is very unlikely that the reader has even seen it in reality. Even if they differ in the degree of effectiveness, the two articles can be brought together through their use of analogical thinking.

In 1998, Biopure Corporation is one of the three legitimate contenders in the emerging field of “blood substitutes”. Biopure has invested $200M on the R&D on blood substitutes in the past with its primary goal being the development of a human blood substitute ( Hemopure) but Its entry into animal market (Oxyglobin) had been some

The key issue is to determine when Oxyglobin should be introduced to the market without jeopardizing Hemopure’s potential and how it should be marketed.

Fook, J.. (2003). Social work, Critical theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (pp. 45-

Throughout history, one of the most important things in life for men has been “power.” Having the power to control over the others, having power to keep order among people, and power to be the supreme. So there comes the controversy on what sovereignty actually means? Sovereignty best fits in the category of supreme power, but in order to have such authority there is a need of an existence from a state. The idea of State and sovereignty goes hand-in-hand, because it belongs to the nation and supervises the state and maintain its order, and this order sometimes has been accomplished by violent means. Moreover, Schmitt and Arendt offer different accounts on what Sovereignty means in political theory, and the procedures by which it is applied on the daily basis. Schmitt argues that the political entity must always be sovereign because it decides what to do when an exception occurs, contrary to Arendt that states that such sovereignty from the political entity has always been an illusion because freedom and sovereignty can’t coexist unless the political body renounces to one of them.

“Borders are the worst invention ever made by politicians,” Jean-Claude Juncker, the European Commission president stated this while reflecting on globalization’s failed promise of borderless nations, and the creation of borders more rigid than ever (2016). Across the world, wall building has become the common political strategy used by nations who deem physical barriers as the only way to deal with difficult neighboring nations. The increasing fortification of borders as not just a political line, but as an established physical barrier, responds to the security and migration issues at a global level. Border walls are used for varying purposes, walls can separate opposing forces; often, they are used to make territorial claims; however the more problematic use, is the keep out unwanted groups.

Surveillance was used by the sovereign as a form of power “that it was more efficient and profitable in terms of the economy of power to place people under surveillance than to subject them to some exemplary penalty” (Foucault, 1977, p. 38). For Foucault individuals had more freedom in the past even though people were tortured in comparison to today, he explains to us that in the past people knew that if they committed a serious crime torture would ensue. In the prison system, prisoners are being watched at all times, everything is regulated and documentations are filled out on regular and irregular behaviour. In order to watch inmates at all times, Bentham’s architectural structure called the panoptican was used in prisons. This enabled officers to watch inmates without them knowing. All cells could not be watched at the same time but inmates did not know if they were bring observed or not so they behaved as if they were being observed. Prisoners are confined in their cells with no engagement with other inmates. Watchmen can see in but prisoners cannot see out. They are in total confinement. (Spierenburg,

The representation of border is something that is essential for state institutions. But one cannot clearly define whether border brings peace or violent mutual relations between the identities. It is obvious that these divisions were reinforced by the history of colonization and decolonization and that in this time of globalization they become the seed of violent tension. The representations of the border, territory and sovereignty, and the very possibility of representing the border and territory, have been the object of an irreversible historical “forcing”. Drawing “political” borders in the European sphere, which considered itself and attempted to appoint itself the center of the world, was also originally and principally a way to divide up the earth. Thus, it was a way at once to organize the world’s exploitation and to export the “border form” to the periphery, in an attempt to transform the whole universe into an extension of Europe, later into ”another Europe”, built on the same political model.

However in Sociology the individual body has often been overlook as a measure of society, seen as an item that is so natural it is not related to social concerns (Shilling, 2012). The academic interest in the body as an item that could be affected by society gained popularity in the 1980s (Moore, 1997) however the catalyst to these ideas was Michael Foucault. Writing in the 1970s Foucault spoke about the interaction between the body and power and the ways in which one affected the other. Foucault viewed power as relational; it is not an item to be owed by a singular person but an idea that can be attributed to an individual through their proximity to others (Schirato et al, 2012). Power itself is created by knowledge and knowledge can create power, they ‘directly imply one another’ (Foucault, 1995). He states that power is often displayed through a body and the spaces in which that body inhabits, for example the regimented control of bodies in an army barrack or a school where the body is forced to be still in order to show discipline (Gordon, 1980 pg