Functional Classification of Joints

A joint is a junction of two or more bones and is commonly referred to as an articulation.Without joint in the body no movement will be possible.There are three types of joints immovable/fibrous where no movements are possible(example- cranium).Slightly movable/cartilaginous joint is a joint

12. What are the 3 types of cartilage and where would you find each type?

* Joints between the vertebrae in spine: are connected to each other by pads of cartilage. These joints can only move a small amount.

A. Which of the four major areas of the brain (cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and brain stem) was obviously much larger in the human brain in the diagram than in the sheep brain? Why do these structures differ so dramatically?

One of the most important parts of the body is the spinal column. It is made up of individual bones called vertebrae. Joints connect all of these individual bones together and ligaments connect to bones to support joints.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 255 21) Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 268-269 22) Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. A) syndesmosis B) suture C) synchondrosis D) gomphosis Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 250 2) The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. A) tend to run parallel to one another B) are also called collateral ligaments C) prevent hyperextension of the knee D) assist in defining the range of motion of the leg Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 263-264 3) Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________. A) attach tendons B) produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis) C) provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints D) form the synovial membrane Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 251

In order to test the passive sufficiency of a bi-articular structure, such as a muscle, both joints which that structure crosses must first be identified. Additionally, the movements of those two joints which will constrain that structure must be identified. Next, one joint must be selected, and placed into the position that may constrain the structure. At the same time, the other joint must be placed in the position which will NOT put further strain on that structure. The selected joint must then be measured for its range of motion. Next, the same must be done with the selected joint, but in contrast, the other joint must be placed in the position which WILL further constrain the bi-articular structure. Once that has been done, the selected joint’s range of motion must be measured once more.

The bones that comprise the knee joint fit together because the lateral condyle of the femur and tibia are both articulated by the lateral meniscus. Both medial condyle of the tibia and femur are articulated by the medial meniscus. The patellar is found within the quadriceps tendon ligament of the knee. What structures are associated with the medial surface of the knee?

In these types of joints the fibers are very short and allow for little of no movement. Synarthroses joints come together at a point at which adjacent bones are bound

a. In order to test the passive sufficiency of a bi-articular structure, such as a muscle, both joints which that structure crosses must first be identified. Additionally, the movements of those two joints which will constrain that structure must be identified. Next, one joint must be selected, and placed into the position that may constrain the structure. At the same time, the other joint must be placed in the position which will not put further strain on that structure. The selected joint must then be measured for its range of motion. Next, the same must be done with the selected joint, but in contrast, the other joint must be placed in the position which WILL further constrain the bi-articular structure. Once that has been done, the selected joint’s range of motion must be measured once more.

The type of joint that is chronically affected is the synovial joint. The bones that are at a synovial joint are covered by articular cartilage; which reduces friction and absorbs shock. The space between the articulating bones is

The knee is a hinge-type, diarthrotic, or freely moveable joint. Also referred to as a synovial joint, the 2 articulating ends of bone are encased in a capsule that lubricates the joint with synovial fluid to reduce friction.

The mandible is a U-shaped bone that supports the lower teeth and makes up the lower facial skeleton. It has no bony attachments to the skull. It is suspended below the maxilla by muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues, which therefore provide the mobility necessary to function with the maxilla. The superior aspect of the arch-shaped mandible consists of the alveolar process and the teeth. The body of the mandible extends posteroinferiorly to form the mandibular angle and posterosuperiorly to form the ascending ramus. A vertical plate of bone that extends upward as two processes forms the ascending ramus of the mandible. The anterior of these is the coronoid process; the posterior is the condyle.(13)

Synovial joints are the most common joints in the skeletal system and are also known as the freely moveable joints. They are not directly connected which is why it allows a great amount of movement. As with most other joints in the body, synovial joints achieve more movements. The synovial joints consist of six different types of joints.

The skeletal system is made up of bones and joints. Bones are a dry dense tissue that is composed of calcium phosphorous and organic matter. The bones are protected and covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue membrane called the periosteum (Brown, et al., 2015, p. 1547). There are two basic types of bone tissue: Compact Bone and Spongy Bone. Compact bones are dense smooth bones, while Spongy bones are composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and open space. Bones are then categorised according to the shape of the bone into four groups: long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones characteristically are typically longer then they are wide and generally have a shaft with heads at either ends e.g. the humerus. They are mainly compact bones. Short bones