Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lab Report

Magnetic resonance imaging has the potential of totally replacing computed tomography. If history was rewritten, and CT invented after MRI, nobody would bother to pursue CT. --Philip Drew (Mattson and Simon, 1996)

Mental Research Institute (MRI) theory assumes that problems rise for mishandling of normal difficulties in life and that attempting solutions to solve contribute to the problem. The processes of a MRI therapist will start with identify the problem and how it is a problem. When the client’s family was asked what is the problem? The problem was identified as “Mina does not want to go to college”. When the family was asked “how is this a problem?” their answer was It was Mina is diabetic and the parents wants him to get a job that provide him with stability and not hard physical work. The parents see the only way that Mina can achieving this goal is by going to college. On the other hand Mina does not want to go to college and refuse to talk about why or what are his future plans.

The Antonyms subtest of the WTA-2 was administered to assess O~’s ability to provide words that mean the opposite of presented stimuli words. O~ received a raw score of 3, standard score of 68, and percentile rank of 2, indicating significant depressed performance in this area. O~ errors resulted as he provided semantically

Today, information is anywhere and everywhere. Within several minutes of messing around with your smart phone and you will get practically every bit of information on just about everything. This has created an urban society by which everyone is aware of everything in their own environment and themselves, such as the chemical processes inside their bodies that constitute life. Combine this with the current bombardment by a lot of promotional initiatives that inform us about new products that are proposed to be possible to in enhancing our cognitive functioning, and the possibilities for brain enhancement become very tangible. The array of brain supplements and nootropics is incredibly wide and various. The fundamental question: do they actual

A functional disorder is when there is a medical abnormality that is present in the human body but may not appear altered in structure. The disorders can be contributed by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety because the illness tends to not have a detectable biological cause. From the understanding that I have gain about this type of disorder is that it seems to be more based on symptoms experienced by the people it affects.

My first day in the Neurological office was a quite entertaining and unique experience that has changed my life for the better. After Monday was over I felt quite exhausted and intrigued upon how much was covered just within 11 hours. The Doctor and I attended a total of twenty-nine patients all with varying conditions. I saw condition from severe migraine all the way to patients that had epilepsies or even conditions such as pinch nerves. I learned how to treat all unique types of conditions from four hundred milligrams of magnesium to help with headaches to other varying medications for people that had tremors. What I loved was that each patient we got had a different background, story, and conditions. In order to diagnose them the Doctor

The results of Roediger and McDermott’s experiment were very significant. The participants recalled the critical distractor words 40% of the time compared to 14% recall of the normal distractor words. When they

The next intervention, Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) (Tobin et al., 2000), is also used in conjunction with other interventions as mentioned above. An FBA is rooted in the field of applied behavior analysis and identifies the antecedents and consequences for the behavior (Flower, 2011) and is a mandate of IDEA (Regan, 2011). It also acts as a guide to selecting interventions to address the problem behaviors (Binkiker and Pindiprolu, 2008). FBA’s are “based on the assumptions that (a) problem behaviors serve functions for a person who displays them and (b) all behavior problems are learned” (Binkiker et al., 2008 p. 68). The process of conducting an FBA “is a problem-solving approach that relies on selecting relevant environmental factors for identifying the primary motivations for the problem behavior and using that information as the centerpiece for developing an individual behavior intervention plan” (Wehby and Kern, 2014 p. 42).  When referring to the function of the behavior, it is the purpose that the behavior is serving.  There are 5 categories that the behavior can fall into and Gersham (2007) describes them as:

The idea of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a technique used to visualize brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. fMRI creates images of physiological activity correlated with neuronal activity. The idea of BOLD relies on the fact that, a certain activated area in the brain requires increased blood flow. The blood entering the area is oxygen enriched (oxygenated hemoglobin) and results in a decrease of deoxy-hemoglobin. Now, a BOLD contrast can be defined as the signal generated by suppression of de-oxy blood over oxy-blood. The review manifests that older adults indicate high activation of the BOLD signal in contrast to younger adults. However, a rise in activation is related to risk factors in Alzheimer 's Disease (AD), including the apolipoprotien ε4 allele. fMRI is used to envision the effect of neurodegenerative diseases such as Mild Cognition Impairment (MCI) and AD, on brain function and its association with cognitive deficit. Cabeza 's research exhibited that younger adults show greater hemispheric lateralization in prefrontal activity than older adults, when compared on the basis of memory, perception and inhibitory control. Further, this age-related change in hemispheric lateralization during cognitive tasks was termed ‘‘hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults,’’ or the HAROLD model (Cabeza 2002). HAROLD model suggests that one of the reasons

Functional behavioral assessment is best understood as the process of trying to solve some of the problems that are brought about or linked to the behaviors of an individual. Functional behavioral assessment majorly dwells on the systematic study of an individual’s behavior over a period of time so as to best understand how the problem can be controlled or how the behavior is resulting into the problem. The process normally requires appropriate integration so as to make sure that the existing problems are solved effectively.

With the advancement in technology, neuroimaging has led to the discovery of male brains containing a greater amount of white matter, while female brains contain more gray matter (Gur et al., 1999). Sun et al. (2015) collected imaging data to track the progress of brain network topology over a five-year period and compared the results between gender differences. Participants in the study included 43 males ranging from ages 22-53, and 28 females from ages 21-59. Only those having no brain disorders, mental illnesses, substance abuse, or first-degree family members with mental illnesses were included in the research. Twenty-eight subjects completed the study and received scans over 5 years. The results supported findings from previous

The three experiments were very similar in design. In each experiments, subjects were presented with fictional articles summarizing different findings in cognitive neuroscience research. These articles were presented to the subjects of this study in one of three ways, including a brain scan, including a bar graph or including no brain scan or bar graph at all. In the

Neurological assessment is a vital part of my physical examination of my patients. A neurological evaluation contains several exams, tests and procedures which are used to make the diagnosis of nervous system diseases. As mentioned by Jarvis (2012), some patients’ who are hospitalized might have neurologic deficit or trauma and require close monitoring. Obtaining information of the patient’s baseline of neurological function is a vital priority of my assessment. Change of mental status is subtle and an earliest sign of neurologic deficit (Jarvis, 2012). Accurate documentation and thorough assessment of the neurologic system is vital aspect of nursing care of all patients, most especially for the neurosurgical patient.

Oxford dictionary added the word “selfie” in August 2013 being defined as a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smart phone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website (Augarde, 1981). Its not you its me: The Science Behind the Selfie is a recent news article that came out addressing the complexity behind what a selfie represents and what people are really trying to convey or masque. Throughout the past five years the word selfie has been added to the dictionary, added to the vocabulary of children and adults, and infecting the world of social media. Moreover, this article illuminates the multifaceted projection of a selfie and the potentially threatening psychology behind a picture that to many seems harmless.

The observes reacted with GSR’s of significantly greater magnitude during the pre-recognition presentation of the critical words than they did before recognizing the neutral words.