Functions Of A Steady State Exercise Essay

Cardiac output adapts throughout a training program. The "American Council on Exercise's Personal Trainer Manual" lists exercise adaptations as increased ventricle size, decreased exercise heart rate and increased stroke volume. Therefore, your heart can maintain a high cardiac output with less effort. Most improvement to cardiac output is contributed to increased stroke volume. Positive adaptations occur in as little as three months of aerobic training.

Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.

The cardiovascular response is triggered by excessive exercise within a short-term anaerobic exercise (such as running for 30 minutes). This initial response starts with the release of adrenaline that causes an increase in heart rate, meaning an increase in cardiac output. This activity

Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance Abbie DeBerg Ms. Brantley May 30, 2012

The actual word homeostasis means "steady state". Homeostasis describes how the body regulates its process to keep its internal conditions as stable as possible. Homeostasis is

If the resistance increases, cardiac output decreases and the blood pressure increase and if the resistance decreases, cardiac output increase and the blood pressure decreases. During each contraction, the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle is stroke volume. The number of heartbeat in each minute is known as heart rate. The normal heart rate value for adult is 60-100 beats per minute. The cardiac output is directly proportional to the stroke volume and heart rate. The average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle is mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is directly related to the cardiac output and resistance. The instrument sphygmomanometer with an air cuff attached to the reservoir is used to detect blood pressure associated with the pulse.

The increase in cardiac output is therefore a result of an increase in stroke volume huge enough to slightly outweigh the decreased heart rate in the equation. As a result of training a touch football player would experience a higher cardiac output, meaning that the body’s cells are replenished more regularly, thus improving the performance of the touch football player.

Introduction: Exercise is a physical activity or particular movement that is used in order to become healthier and stronger. (1) Exercise, in all of its forms, has various effects on the different systems in the human body. One of the main benefits is cardiovascular health, including circulation and heart health. Exercise uses a lot of energy, which the cells derive from oxidising glucose. Meaning that the heart has to work harder to pump more blood throughout the body and the heart has to beat faster in order to achieve a high effort. (2) The heart benefits from exercise include being able to pump more blood through the body and continue working at a higher level with less strain. (3)

Cardiovascular drift is the term that describes the physiological changes in heart function during prolonged exercise. When one exercises, his/her core temperature raises and in order to manage homeostasis, the body sweats to get rid of the excessive heat. Constant sweating drops the level of plasma in blood, directly leading to a decrease in the stroke volume. In order to maintain the cardiac output, the heart will need to pump faster to compensate for the lowered stroke volume. Therefore, the level of hydration can be critical to our heart rate and performance during exercise, and we are trying to discover evidence that can support this argument through this lab.

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart and into the body from the left ventricle during each contraction and is measured in millilitres per beat. When the heart is resting stroke volume is at a normal pace. When the heart rate starts to increase stroke volume has to become faster and pump more blood out of the heart

A long term response to exercise is the increase in capillarization. Capillarization is the increase of the capillary system of the body due to aerobic activity. An increase in capillarization in the muscles means that oxygen is able to reach the muscles more efficiently so the muscles can work for longer. Capillaries are small blood vessels no more than 0.1mm thick. Capillaries supply a skeletal muscles with oxygen-rich blood and remove carbon dioxide through the process of diffusion. Diffusion is the process of carbon-dioxide moved into the capillaries, and oxygen carried by the blood moved into the muscle cells. So an increase of capillaries in the body means that this process of diffusion can be done more often, speeding up the process

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining ideal conditions and being able to stabilize those conditions. When we exercise, our muscles require more oxygen to work. Guyton (1985) says that our blood flow increases dramatically to our muscles during exercise to about 20 L/min, compared to that of 1 L/min when we are resting. Usually, our precapillary sphincters to our capillaries in our muscles are contracted to about 20-25% open, restricting the amount of blood flow that goes to the muscles. When we become more active and the muscles require more oxygen, the precapillary sphincters dilate so all of them are open, and the blood flows to the muscles, giving them the oxygen they need to keep up with the demanding actions we

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.