Fundamentals of Research Methodology

There are four main characteristics of the scientific method: observation/measurements, make an assumption, test the assumption, and revise the assumption. The first stage we make an observations. For instance, I notice that my peppers in my garden are not growing well. I am going to assume this is because I did not water that area well enough. So I am now going to test my assumption. This is done by watering the peppers in my garden more frequently. Lastly, I am going to see if my assumption was correct. If my peppers only needed more water, they will begin to grow more rapidly. It is also possible that my assumption was wrong, and that my peppers were getting enough water; however, there could be something wrong with the soil, temperature, etc. These are the four main characteristics of the scientific method; it is important to note that our assumptions sometimes be wrong, thus it is always important that we test our assumptions to make sure we are correct.

The Scientific Method is represented by a reasonable order of steps used to come across a conclusion obtained by an experiment or attentive observations. There are five orderly steps which are the following; asking a question or stating the problem, creating a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, evaluate the results, and create a conclusion. A method used by scientists to find an answer a question or the solution to a problem. Now, let’s take a closer look of what each of these five steps consist of.

15. A scientific hypothesis has two important qualities. The first is that it is testable. What is the

The main stride of scientific process is the literature review. Scientists will later get that topic, observe it and see if the previous scientists use all accurate tools they needed. The scientist who is observing will later on use their new tools to re test it, to see if they can come up with furthermore intelligence (ch 6, para. 41). All scientists begin with a theory clarifying on how everything works and why it works. Beach talks about Matthew Crawford, a mechanic who did not understand how a motorcycle engine worked, Crawford eventually came across a more experienced mechanic and pointed out and how it worked and why it worked. This example of Crawford is a theory, it's putting everything together to find out how and why the motorcycle engine functions (ch 6, para. 42). Once a scientist comes up with a theory, it then comes up with a hypotheses basically testing out your theory to prove if it is wrong or right. After the scientist test out their hypothesis, they go to the last step of scientific method which is important called the peer review. It is basically presenting your conclusion to the public to get a second observation to see whether or not you have any errors or false

There is about eight steps in the scientific method. It all starts with making an observation, such as why something does not work. The next step would be to question why something may not work. The third step would be to come up with the possible why something wouldn’t work. The next step would be to guess what the conclusion would be. The fifth step in the scientific

The scientific method is when you have a specific problem and you go through steps to try and solve your problem. The steps of scientific method are develop a theory, check and analyze your theory, explain your hypothesis, and prove your hypothesis. Whether that hypothesis could be wrong, you can still change it. That is the best thing about theories, hypothesis, and the scientific method.

Scientists are people that observe things and try to figure out how they work. Scientists need to keep the observations and research they do organized. The method they use is called the scientific method. The scientific method is a process of steps that helps scientists determine answers to problems or questions. The first step is called hypotheses. The hypotheses is a educated guess of what will happen.In order to test the hypotheses a scientist will repeat the experiment several times to see if the results are the same or different. After the scientist has had the same result over and overThe scientist will attempt to explain why this happens by gathering data, observing, and looking for evidence to support the hypotheses. After they find

Scientific theories have and will be created and developed worldwide for just about any concept. However, during the development stage, a similar process will be followed in order to allow the theory to be accepted: Hypothesis and experimentation, sharing findings, repeat by others and acceptance of the theory. One example of

During my reading of the scientific method and how they are essential to invention and innovation. I found six methods to scientific. Each method has a purpose to assure that you are giving the experiment a fair test. The first method is to “Make an Observation” one should take notice by watching or identify. The second method is to “Ask a Question” by doing this you can find out the WH questions words. Those are the how, what, when, who, which, why, or where? For the third method is to form “A Hypothesis” to assume a basis for an argument. Then for step four is to “Performing Experiment” this is to test to see if your hypothesis is supported or not. As you move on to the fifth step “Evaluating the Results” at this point you will determine if your argument is being supported or not. As the sixth step that will bring you to completion, you will have to “Determining a Conclusion” you will have the opportunity to express you’re finding from the experiment to others.

Generally speaking the Scientific Method begins with an observation that allows you to form a hypothesis. In order to come up with a well informed hypothesis one can look through scientific journals that may lend some light onto the subject your thinking of investigating. Sometimes talking with peers or discovering new tools on the market that allow you to look at things differently than before can be inspirational and lead to observations that then allow you to form a hypothesis.

Part 1 - All research activities begin with a question. Research, in its most basic form is the process of answering that question, or questions. Academic research, though, is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information so that it increases the understanding of the phenomenon under study (Holton & Burnett, 2005). Regardless of the complexity or nature of the research project, there are at least eight characteristics that help define the process: 1) Research originates with a question or a problem; 2) Research requires a clear articulation of a goal; 3) Research follows a specific plan of procedure; 4) Research usually divides the principal problem into more manageable sub-problems; 5) Research is guided by the specific research problem, question, or hypothesis;6) Research accepts certain critical assumptions. These assumptions are underlying theories or ideas about how the world works; 7) Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in attempting to resolve the problem that initiated the research (Leedy & Ormrod, 2009).

The fifth step of the scientific model is to test the hypothesis. The scientists has asked the question and determined what they think should happen to answer it. They have gathered the relevant data and now must design a test to either prove or disprove their hypothesis. Importantly, the outcome is profound either way. If the outcome of the experiment or test proves a hypothesis, then it demonstrates that asking X question under Y conditions should result in Z outcomes. However, it is equally important that if the results are not what was expected then there is an additional series of questions to be asked. Working with the hypothesis is the sixth step of the process to ensure that the experiment or test was capable of producing a result in keeping with the original question. If it is, then then any variation in the expected outcomes is not the culprit. The hypothesis is solid. If the test or experiment fails to achieve the desired results then it might be the case that its not the tests that are incorrect, it 's the hypothesis that provided an alternative outcome.

The modern scientific method is composed of several steps: observation, hypothesis, experimentation and verification. On observation of a phenomenon a scientist will attempt to interpret the phenomenon is light of current scientific knowledge (theory). The scientist will then attempt to develop experiments in which to determine the validity of the theory. Through this experimentation the theory will either be validated or disproved. Popper states that any experiment must be a serious attempt to disprove or invalidate the theory being tested, and further, that any theory so disproven cannot be considered science.

The research is a technique that includes discovery, study, testing hypothesis, gathering information and explaining phenomenon by using science as a method.

The first step in scientific method is observation where we choose the behavior of interest and begin recording its characteristics. For an example, a researcher will try to observe the rat in the experiment receives food every time it jumps through the checkerboard on the left. The second step is detecting regularities where researcher looks for regularities in observation. For an example, over repeated trials, the researcher notes that the rat consistently jump to the checkerboard on the left. Next, the third step is generating a hypothesis which is a prediction about the characteristics of the behavior under study, which in this case, the rat. For an example, the researcher made a hypothesis that if he move the checkerboard to the right, the rat will jump to the right for food. Lastly, the final step of scientific method is to observe where we check for the accuracy of our hypothesis’ prediction. In the experiment, the researcher notes that the rat still jump to the left which contrast to his prediction and his hypothesis do not support his