A majority of fungal infections are cutaneous, i.e. affecting only the upper layers of the skin without causing severe illness. Primary etiological agents are Candida fungi, Malassezia furfur and dermatophytic molds from the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton.
For many years infections caused by fungi were regarded more as a nuisance rather than life-threatening; nevertheless, when fungal infections become systemic (spreading throughout the body), life-threatening conditions can arise. The usual approach to the treatment of fungal skin infections are topical agents, although oral antifungal agents are sometimes used.
Candidiasis of the skin
Candida is a genus of non-photosynthetic fungi that are common causes of infections
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The warm and moist skin folds, often with maceration or erosions, are main predisposing factors in the normal patients. Lesions are usually appearing as moist erythematous rash with characteristic satellite lesions that can be observed on the health surrounding skin.
Paronychia represents an inflammation of the tissue folds around the nail of a finger or toe that can be caused by Candida species. In acute cases (caused by trauma to the nail fold or cuticle) usually a painful and erythematous swelling around the affected nail is observed. In chronic paronychia separation of the cuticle from the nail plate is common.
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis represents an extremely rare disorder which presents within 72 hours of life of an infant (most often in premature babies). Diffuse and generalized skin eruption of maculopapular (and sometimes papulovesicular) rash is observed without any systemic symptoms such as hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory distress or sepsis.
Pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic
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Still, they can be also associated with various diseases such as pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis.
Under the influence of certain predisposing factors (such as high humidity and high temperature), Malassezia can change from the blastospore form to the mycelial form and cause pityriasis versicolor – a superficial infection of the stratum corneum usually located on the neck, upper arms and upper trunk.
On the other hand, seborrheic dermatitis represents a relapsing, chronic erythematous scaly cutaneous disease with the prevalence of 1 to 3% in the general population. In this case Malassezia can lead to a non-immunogenic irritation in susceptible individuals by producing unsaturated fatty acids and depositing them on the skin surface.
That in turn results in the development of red scaly lesions predominately found in the areas where sebum production is high (such as the face, the scalp, external ear with retroauricular region, eyelids and upper trunk). Patients with AIDS and those with neurological diseases (such as Parkinson’s disease) are commonly
The disease progression was discovered, annotated and observed over a several periods. The 1st period, the classical period, described the cutaneous disorder
Skin- she has some mild equimosis on her skin and some anathema. She has patches but no obvious skin breakdown. She has no fissuring in the buttocks crease.
Erythema multiform: target lesion is the classic presentation, and the 3 skin manifestations are dusky center, inner pale ring, and erythematous outer border. It usually affect age 10-40y/o. Hypersensitivity reaction is most commonly triggered by infection so treat the underlying cause. HSV is most common cause so treat with acyclovir. It is a self limiting condition.
Over the course of history there have been many contrasting and similar views in terms of religion and the practices done in this aspect. An example is the Mexica (name given by the West to refer to the Aztecs) practices of El Día de los Muertos (The Day of the Dead) and the Catholic (people in the Christian religion loyal to the Roman Catholic Church and the leader of that church, the Pope) practices of the holiday. The Day of the Dead fell on about the beginning of August which was the ninth month on the Aztec Solar Calendar and was celebrated for the entire month. The Aztecs and other Meso-American civilizations commemorated this day by using skulls to honor and
Skin (history of skin disease, pigment or color change, change in mole, excessive dryness or moisture, pruritus, excessive bruising, rash
Erythema Infectiosum is called fifth disease. It is a mild illness caused by a virus. This virus most commonly occurs in children. The disease usually causes a bright red rash that appears on both cheeks. The rash has a "slapped cheek" appearance. Before the rash, the patient usually has a low-grade fever, mild upper respiratory symptoms, and a headache. One to three days after the cheek rash appears, a pink, lacy rash appears on the body, arms, and legs. This rash may come and go for up to 5 weeks. It often gets brighter following warm baths, exercise, and sun exposure. Your child may have no other symptoms or only a slight runny nose, sore throat, and very low fever. Complications are rare. This illness is quite
Mallon E; Hawkins D; Dinneen M; et al. (March 2000). "Circumcision and genital dermatoses". Arch Dermatol 136 (3):
Then there is generalized erythema rapidly followed by the development of flaccid blisters and desquamation, as seen in this patient. The mucous membranes are not involved, which is also consistent with our patient. The surrounding areas of her face were involved, but the mucous membranes were spared. This condition is also associated with a positive Nikolsky sign. A Nikolsky sign is the ability to extend the area of superficial sloughing by applying gentle lateral pressure on the surface of the skin at an apparently uninvolved site. This was found incidentally in our patient when the adhesive tape of an IV line was removed resulting in sloughing off of the skin below it. Furthermore, due to the sloughing off of skin with pressure, there tends to be increased desquamation in areas of mechanical stress like the flexural areas, buttocks, hands, and feet. If SSSS is suspected, cultures should be obtained from the blood, the urine, the nasopharynx, the perianal area, and any other abnormal skin or suspected focus of infection. The intact bullae are sterile and will come back without growth. In this patient, blood cultures had no growth to date and the pan-cultures from the mouth, nares, eyes, and anus were non-specific. Diagnosis for SSSS is usually clinical, although it may be confirmed with skin biopsy that shows a cleavage plane in the lower stratum
Scabies is a major global health problem caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, an obligate human ectoparasite measuring between 330 and 450 µm in length. Treatment of this disease has undergone various changes from the days of Roman physician Celsus, when sulphur mixed with liquid pitch was used as a primary approach.
Diagnosis can be made by observation based on the appearance of honey-colored scabs found in the usual areas of the arms, legs and face. If visual diagnosis cannot be made a culture test for resistant bacteria can be done.
Dermatitis is a general term that describes an inflammation of the skin. There are different types of dermatitis, including seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis (eczema). Although the disorder can have many causes and occur in many forms, it usually involves swollen, reddened and itchy skin. (www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/dermatitis-000048.htm)
Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by redness and scaling and is typically seen in the brows, nasolabial folds (NLF), and chest.1 Topical antifungals such as ketoconazole can be helpful, but resistant seborrheic dermatitis often requires topical steroids or steroid sparing agents such as tacrolimus.2 The exact cause and pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis is not known. However, inflammation is known to play a role in seborrheic dermatitis. The disease has a preference for body sites with increased or larger sebaceous glands (ie face, scalp). Sebaceous glands create an environment favorable for growth of lipid dependent fungi such as Malassezia. Multiple seborrheic dermatitis treatment studies have demonstrated
Did you know that some of the symptoms of candida infection can be very painful? The symptoms could include swelling or inflammation accompanied with red sores on the skin. This can be a very painful condition, which could be very sensitive even to the slightest touch. You can also become more aware of the severity of the infection and how it affects many other people, if you look at some of the pictures of yeast infection.
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