Future Challenges in Coal Based Power Plants

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

Continued investment should be encouraged in order to develop the best technology in energy for the future. Continued investment will allow for new and exciting developments that will improve the energy industry in the long run. It will assist the industry in satisfying the growing demand and need for sustainability. There are a number of political and legal factors that are significant to the energy industry. For example, laws and government regulation on energy use could potentially affect the demand for domestic energy and thus lead to a shift in prices. However, with an increase of clean energy use, the demand for energy will not change dramatically due to laws and regulations, instead, the future prosperity of the globe will improve.

The Land Acquisition Act of 1894 under which the lands are acquired was considered to be very back dated according to the current situation. However the new bill aims to solve this solves and gives even more impetus to the

Yancoal is a competitive coal exporter in Asian markets. In their vision, strong demand of coal in developing countries can elevate amount of production for company in the future. For instance, China has a huge coal reserves. Proportion of coal in China's primary energy consumption is as high as 70%, which means it is twice as much as the global average. Due to rapidly development of heavy industry and resource price rising, China's coal production

The source of coal for the power station and oil for starting and operating will be supplied from Indonesia by ship and transferred from the unloading seaport to the site

According to EPA, the key hazards to the environment, in coal and nuclear power generation are CO2, CO, CH4, NOx, and SOx. The table below shows the mass of life-cycle emissions from mining, building, operating, and shutting down the plant released in kg from coal and nuclear technologies for an operating time of 100 years. Application of quantitative risk analysis reveals that emissions are far greater in coal fired power generation compared to nuclear power generation.

Capital cost for solar PVs is high owing to high values of PV cells. However, offshore wind energy has a higher start up price due to the expenses involved in constructing its systems along with the protections needed. Capital cost of onshore wind farms is lower as they are more dynamic and economical to construct. Gas technologies have lower start up amount than coal on account of their low requirement for land space [6]. In addition, expenditures involved in the manufacture of coal fired units are high

Hydroelectric power plant is one of the major power plants all over the world in order to create electricity. It is also one of the best renewable energy sources on the planet earth. In ranking, Canada is the third largest country to produce hydroelectricity power. The efficiency of this power source is 90% and this is very impressive as the percentage of efficiency is very high. Hydro power plants generate 24% of the world’s electricity. More than 1 billion people are associated with hydro power plants as they use the power supply from hydro power plants.

Currently, new investments in low-emissions generation does not costcompetitive with the current generation (which high initial capital costs now sunk). This, along with the ability to excess supply in the NEM and barriers at the exit of the current generator, which means that the current generators can operate for some time. This means that there is an incentive to invest in reducing emissions of new (or any other) generation of electricity. There is a need for a policy to limit emissions intensity of the display. RET and accelerate deployment of renewable electricity generation. This can increase the acceleration of policies that create a low emissions generating additional demand. It is important that policies and incentives, stable, due to the long life of power generation assets. Deployment of low-emissions technologies, such as geothermal energy and CCS emerging, high risk and capital intensity. There may be a need for public support or policy to make the publication of these financial technologies, unless additional income available source. In addition, technology, price and logistical problems delayed the progress of these special techniques in recent years. As a result, experts from the electricity sector in general, do not expect to contribute significant

In the matter of clean-coal technologies, Alex supported his position better. His information was all relevant to the discussion and his reasoning was sound and free of fallacies.

Luotang Power is a coal-fired power plant located in central China. This company is a subsidiary of China Hua Tong Power (HT Power). The main activity of this company is to generate electricity. Luotang Power operates using a 600 MW coal-fired power plant and sells the generated power to their primary customer, the Hubei Provincial Power Company (HPPC). HPPC was the only company in Hubei Province that owned all the power transmission and distribution facilities and independently owned power plants operating in the province. The coal is supply by Pingdingshan and according to the contract, it is required to supply low sulfur bituminous coal that met certain quality specifications.

As per the recent laws coal power plants have to reduce their carbon emissions or would have to face a closure in US. The client, GST/PEPPL, has developed a technology which can be installed to the coal power plants to reduce the carbon emissions well below the required emission levels. This technology not only helps to reduce the emissions but also produce byproducts such as carbon black, activated carbon and carbon credits that can be used by coal power plant as source of revenue when sold in the market. Although, technically the GST/PEPPL technology is the one of the best solution for current emission problem at present, however client wanted to understand how GST/PEPPL can show coal power plant companies the financial benefit of using this technology. This is when the client approached the UIOWA MBA consultant group to develop a flexible, free cash flow, forecast model that helps the end user (coal power plant) to determine if the GST/PEPPL technology would add value to the plant. We developed this model to help coal power plant determine the forecasted cash flow to shareholders via three financing option for technology. By evaluating these options: technology purchase, long-term lease, or coal markup agreement, as well as the sensitivity for these options, end user could determine if the technology is financially viable for them. Further, client also wanted to see if this technology is financially feasible without the sale of byproducts. The important

In addition, if you shutdown the plant, then there would still be waste still left behind. Who know what that would do to our economy/environment. If you just let the waste sit there, it could eventually run off into the water and kill organisms living there. Also, it could soak into the ground and kill organisms there and demolish plants that are growing there or could possibly grow there. As you see, waste that just sits there will just ruin things. So why not make the waste a little more environmentally friendly and keep it stored in the perfectly fine power plant.

Germany is the leader in Europe in the coal industry with significant amounts of coal operations, especially lignite. Germany has approximately 73,000 million short tons of coal reserves with more than 47,000 and 25,000 million tons of lignite and hard coal reserves respectively (Miller 25). Germany is the major lignite producer in the whole of Europe with major lignite reserves found at Lusatian, Rhineland, central German basins, which are all of tertiary age. Coal is a major source of energy used in the generation of electricity and in the coking process. Apart from production German is a major importer of coal. The major hard coal deposits in the country are found in the regions of Ruhr and Saar coalfields, with major players being RAG Aktiengesellschaft and RWE Power being involved in the mining of hard coal and lignite respectively (Bischoff et al. 63). Of the lignite deposits, the Rhineland deposits are the largest and most significant for the nation and are located between the German/Belgium/Dutch boarder and the River Rhine (Miller 25). The Lusatian and Central German basins are found to the eastern side of Germany. These lignite deposits have heating values of 3350-5400Btu/lb, a moisture content of 40-60%, sulfur and ash content varying from 0.2-2.1% and 1.5-8.5% respectively, with the Rhineland lignite coal deposits having a sulfur content of less than 0.5% (Miller 25). The restructuring of the hard coal mining industry from 1999 led to the rapid development of

Myanmar has tremendous hydropower potential; however the majority of this potential has remained undeveloped due to the economic and political disturbances. The technical feasible potential from the major rivers and other potential water resources support the country as one of the renewable energy rich countries amongst its neighbouring, energy demand countries especially China, and India. Due to the increase in electricity demand of the domestic and cross border regional energy trade issues (Kattelus et al., 2015), the necessities for the extraction of the large hydropower resources should be fulfilled from the geopolitical perspective. In this chapter, the current situation and future potentials of hydropower resources basically storage type hydropower plants