GDP Problem Sets and International Economic Indicators

In this paper, we analyse the effects of cheaper energy in the US that could spur the total productivity growth in the country. We also intend to understand how the US central bank and the government tend to behave regarding to the higher total factor productivity, and how the rest of the world and the major economies are affected. We have used some diagrams of macroeconomics theories to estimate the outcomes by running the software called RunGem.

Macroeconomics (from Greek prefix "makros-" meaning "large" + "economics") is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies.[1][2] With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics.

The liquidity preference theory states that bond holders are risk averse and wish to be compensated for holding the long term security by a liquidity premium. The normal yield curve to explain this should be up sloping indicating preference for liquidity by investors and lower risk of shorter term

One of the outstanding elements of macroeconomics is Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In the last five decades, this element has been embraced as an acceptable meter for economic growth (Constanza et al., 2009) and remains the best indicator of standard of living of a country. Ghana, a developing country west of sub-Saharan Africa is not in isolation and different from others. It is an undeniable truth that Ghana?s economy has not grown much since the early 1960s after her independence (Aryeetey et al., 2000). Over the years, Ghana 's economic growth has been pegged at 3% to 4% (Institute of Economic Affairs , 2006). However, in 2011, Ghana recorded a higher Gross Domestic Product growth of about 14.5.0% (Data.worldbank.org, 2016). Nevertheless, this growth has not been sustained over the subsequent years. Gross Domestic Product growth has been 4%, 8%, 15%, 7.9%, 5.4% and 4.2% for consecutive years from 2009 to 2014 respectively (IMF, 2015).. From the statistics, it is very evident that GDP growth in Ghana has been undulating. The statistics can be ascribed to the financial contributions that various sectors such as the real sector including the services sector, the external sector and the monetary sector make to the economy. Notwithstanding this, over the years, the major contributor to Ghana?s economy has been the service sector (Ghana Statistical Service, 2013; Ghana Statistical Service, 2012) about 50.2% of the total real sector contribution to the GDP

One of the outstanding elements of macroeconomics is Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In the last five decades this element has been embraced as an acceptable meter for economic growth (Robert Constanza, 2009) and remains the best indicator of standard of living of a country. Ghana, a developing country west of sub-Saharan Africa is not in isolation and different from others. It is an undeniable truth that Ghana?s economy has not grown much since the early 1960s after her independence (Aryeetey, 2000). Over the years, Ghana 's economic growth has been pegged at 3% to 4% (Institute of Economic Affairs , 2006). However, in 2011, Ghana recorded a high Gross Domestic Product growth of about 14.5.0% (Data.worldbank.org, 2016). Nevertheless, this growth has not been sustained over the subsequent years. Gross Domestic Product growth has been 4%, 8%, 15%, 7.9%, 5.4% and 4.2% for consecutive years from 2009 to 2014 respectively (IMF, 2015).. From the statistics, it is very evident that GDP growth in Ghana has been undulating. The statistics can be ascribed to the financial contributions that various sectors such as the real sector with services inclusive, the external sector and the monetary sector make to the economy. Notwithstanding this, over the years, the major contributor to Ghana?s economy has been the service sector (Ghana Statistical Service, 2013; Ghana Statistical Service, 2012) about 50.2% of total real sector contribution to the GDP (Budget, 2015)

(ii) When the coupon rate is lower. The bond will have a higher price volatility compared to a bond which has a higher coupon. This is primarily because when

Average per capita income in the United States has the increasing trend that covers a period of 1990 to 2014. The GDP per Capita reveals relationship in economic performance and population growth of a country. An increase in Gross Domestic Production per Capital shows development in economic leading to improvement in living standards. On the other hand, Australia GDP has shown a positive increase over last decade (Babihuga, 2007). The economic level has improved in every sectors gradually in a dynamic progress. The living standards index is likely equivalent with the United States capacity in relation to the population in respective countries.

The period from 2008 through today has been a highly difficult one, with countries struggling to support their national economies, to reduce costs and guarantee the living standards of their populations. At a general level, the recent years have manifested an economic crisis of a gravity unwitnessed since the Great Depression of 1929-1933. At a more particular level however, a deeper analysis would be conducted through the analysis of four economic indicators in four important global economies. The four economic indicators are the gross domestic product (GDP), the consumer price index (CPI), the unemployment rate and the interest rate, and the countries are the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada and Japan.

Despite ADP being way better arranged than numerous other companies, Georges says its GDPR venture is huge and worldwide. It started almost a year back, but the venture builds on prior work. “We started even before GDPR was discussed,” she says. The company started information stream mapping and security evaluations on new items several years back.

In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. It is typically rendered as "the BRICs" or "the BRIC countries" or "the BRIC economies" or alternatively as the "Big Four".

Bonds are long-term debts that are issued by government and corporations with financing requirements. In corporate bond market, which is the largest source of capital for the companies, bonds are all issued by corporations. The bond market has contributed to the direct debt financing and price discovery. The corporate bond market is constituted with the primary market (issuing) and secondary market (trading). The trading in corporate bonds helps to reveal the credit risk premium. In corporate bond market, the risk is considered to be higher than the government bond and as a result always a higher interest rate. Rating of these corporate bonds range from AAA to unrated can help investor to make their decisions. But in general, most of them have an investment-grade () rating. The apple Swiss francs-denominated bond was rated at AA+ (by S&P), which was only one notch under the highest AAA rating. Because Apple Inc. has a

The bond market is one of the fixed-income markets that it is deals in with transaction of long term fixed-income securities. Moreover, the bond is one of the financial instruments and then the financial instruments are generally regarded as securities. In the bond market, there are two bonds familiar to mass investors. One is called government bonds, and another one is called corporate bonds. Firstly, as its name, government bonds are issued by government with maturities up to about 30 years. Usually, medium term bonds and long term bonds pay out fixed amounts of coupon payments in semi-annually during the repayment period. But, the index-linked bonds pay out alterable amounts of coupon payments in semi-annually because of the changes in inflation. The reason of government bonds are always have a lot of attraction to investors is that investors are generally referred to government bonds as bonds being free from default risk. With this characteristic, government bonds are safer than most other financial instruments to invest. However, the high return always with the high risk and vice versa that government bonds offers lower yields. Secondly, the corporate bonds is the another one that are concerned more by investors in daily transaction activities. There are three main sources for corporates to raising finance for their investment projects, they are: retained earnings, non-marketable debt

The purpose of this assignment is designed on analysing macroeconomic indicators of two countries: Italy and United Arab Emirates. Considering contribution made by the oil and gas industry to the economic performance of an economy; assessing the role of both domestic and foreign factors/policies influencing the economic situation, analysing the fluctuations made in the economic performance over time period reflecting from 2010 to 2014, depending on the data available in Thomson Reuters Database. Considering the indicators such as inflation rates and balance of payments, with a particular attention made to the oil and gas markets and impacts, considering all reviewed economic indicators.

GDP growth to Crude Export, Domestic Crude Consumption, Manufacturing Growth, Gross Domestic Savings, Export Growth and Foreign Direct Investment Net Inflows.

– Higher convexity refers to higher curvature in the price-yield relationship. – The convexity of noncallable bonds are usually positive. – The slope of the cuve that shows the price-yield relation increases at higher yields.