Gait Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation, what is rehabilitation? Rehabilitation is the action of restoring someone to a normal life through training and therapy after incarcerated, addiction or illness. Rehabilitation can be used for an offender who has committed a crime and is incarcerated, someone who is struggling with addiction or illness. Rehabilitation was originated in 1779 by the British Government as part of the Penitentiary Act, rehabilitation would consist of punishment along with treatment for the offenders. (Benjamin Disraeli 2004). The purpose of rehabilitation is to treat the offender in order for the offender to return to society and be able to contribute, rehabilitation is also a punishment for breaking a law.

01/11/16 PT Evaluation Report documented that the patient is showing good progress towards goals, with a decrease in pain in the right lower leg, ankle and foot when ambulating. But the remaining impairments, including reduced strength, limited ROM and gait deviations cause poor ability to ambulate. Continue skilled PT is necessary in order to address the remaining deficits. Sort-term and long-term goals were discussed.

Six standing trials include 1) single dominant leg stance on a firm surface (SDFS), 2) single non-dominant leg stance on a firm surface (SNDFS), 3) double leg stance on a firm surface (DFS), 4) single dominant leg stance on a wobble board (SDWB), 5) single non-dominant leg stance on a wobble board (SNDWB), and 6) double leg stance on a wobble board (DWB). The order of the standing trials will be randomized. A two minute testing period will be recorded for each standing condition. During testing, participants will be instructed to position barefoot with the hands akimbo for as still as possible for both a firm surface and a wobble board conditions. During all one leg stance trials, participants will be instructed to flex the knee of the contralateral

Justification and Feasibility. Traditional rehabilitation regimens post ACL reconstruction will typically span over a 9-12 month period (39-52 weeks) before patients achieve full ROM and fulfill the requirements that allow them to return to return to activity phase (14). Wilk suggests with literature and evidence that after receiving autograft ACL surgery, patients can develop full strength and functional ability within 16-24 weeks by using an accelerated approach and without damaging or loosening the graft.

Rehabilitation can have two different meanings- to bring (someone or something) back to a normal healthy conditions after an illness, injury or drug problems; or to teach a criminal in prison to live a normal and productive life. Approaches to treatment range from individual to group methods. Correctional officers must discover what works for which offender in what context.

participation level impairments. The progress in AROM, muscle strength, dynamic balance, single leg power, and coordination all attributed to the patient’s ability to climb stairs without handrails reciprocally, ambulate on uneven terrain, jump, and run pain-free after five weeks of intervention.

Gait analysis data were collected before the operation and one year after TKA using a three-dimensional motion analysis system (Oxford Met¬rics Inc., Oxford, UK), which consisted of eight VICON MX-T20 infra-red cameras and two force plates (AMTI, Water-town, MA, USA).

A child with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal problems should be treated if these impairments are interfering with some level of functioning. Gormley (2001) indicated that these impairments should not be treated because of “their mere presence,” but treated if treatment improves some aspect of a child’s quality of life or helps prevent future problems that may be caused by that impairment. This research study examines the use of several treatments as they affect a particular impairment caused by a both a neurological gait or musculoskeletal disorder, and how they aim to improve a child’s quality of life. Primary treatments being discussed are virtual reality (VR) technology, pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine (pGALS) tool, aquatic training, novel robotic walker, and power wheelchairs. The scope of the study, a description of the participants, and the methodological approach is explained, followed by discussion of the results and an overall conclusion related to the

Postural stability is the capacity to maintain the body in a state of equilibrium in static and dynamic situations. This postural stability is regularly impaired poststroke(Yanohara et al., 2014).In hemiplegic patients, postural instabilityresulted by agreater postural sway and asymmetrical weight bearingthrough displacing the body's center of mass towards the unaffected side (Peppen, 2008).Some patients may have altered sense of midline and motor control deficits. Maintaining a postural stability is an essential prerequisite for the more advanced stages of motor control, including controlled mobility and skilled activity (Martin & Kessler, 2007).

There is an estimated 1.9 million people living with an amputated limb in America, each day 500 more Americans loss a limb (Ziegler et al., 2008). Of those who lose a limb later in life, 60-80% of them experience phantom limb pain. (Nikolajsen et al., 2001) Phantom limb pain refers to a pain or sensation that seems to come from the limb that was amputated. ( Nikolajsen et al., 2001) Of those who are congenital amputees, an estimated 1500 of them are born with upper limb reduction, while 750 of them are born with a lower limb reduction. (Canfield et al, 2006) Limb reduction refers to a defect during birth that causes a part of a limb or the entire limb to fail to fully form during pregnancy. ( Vasluian et al, 2013) A look within the quality of life of these various forms of amputees may produce viable information that could be used to assist in the prosthetic rehabilitation process.

VR allows users to feel in a virtual environment (VE), allowing the user various ways to experience the information in a way that is both dynamic and immediate (Kim, 2016). Through the integration of numerous sensory processes like auditory, proprioception, vestibular, and visual information with cognitive processes, motor skill learning is enhanced while conducted in VEs. In collaboration with traditional therapy, VR serves as a tool for more intense and more enjoyable therapy (Levin, 2014). Use of VR in therapy was previously limited by the lack of easy to use systems that were inexpensive and promoted valid movement patterns. Now, many patients already own systems like Wii or Microsoft Kinect for continued at-home exercise programs. However, it is important to note these gaming systems were not originally designed to be used by individuals who lack motor or cognitive

This information suggests that teaching movement skills can be optimized when the patient is highly motivated, attending fully to the task, and able to relate or integrate the new information to information they already know about the task. When retraining gait, it would be important to find a goal that is important to the patients, such as being able to walk to the mailbox for the newspaper, work with them in an environment where they can attend fully to the task instructions and their own performance outcome, and relate instructions for improved gait characteristics to previous knowledge so that they can remember them after the therapy session is

Rai Chi Chan engages in an experiment using virtual reality to improve the rate of movement of patients with frozen shoulder disease. The experiment was done on 16 subjects who had a average of 58.6 years and an injury span

VR systems support 3-dimensional graphics, wide angle of view, stereovision, and viewer-centered perspective. In many VR systems the participant is not seated and is free to walk about and gesture broadly. These features make a computer system which is closer to a workshop, an operating room, or a national park than it is to a desk in an office. This perspective allows freedom in the creation of human-computer interfaces that is not afforded by the current standard interfaces [4].

In this essay I will discuss theoretical principals of rehabilitation of a particular patient I cared for while on clinical placement. It will focus on the role of the multidisciplinary team involved in this rehabilitation process post acute myocardial infarction and the education and support given to the patient and her family during the discharge planning process. Also I will be including statistics and evidence of pathophysiology. The National Service Framework for Older People (Department of Health, 2001) sets out eight standards including standard three about intermediate care services that promote independence and provide effective rehabilitation services. Active rehabilitation is seen to reduce the risks of hospital readmission,