1. The original Big Bang model had three major problems. The 'fix' that solved them is known as _________. COSMIC INFLATION THEORY
2.
When light from a hot solid, liquid, or dense gas passes through a cooler gas, it will produce a/an _________ spectrum.
ATOMIC SPECTRUM
3.
One name that has been given the mysterious force apparently responsible for driving the acceleration of the universe’s expansion is _________.
DARK ENERGY
4.
The area on the H-R diagram where “normal” stars can be found is known as the _________.
MAIN SEQUENCE
5.
Although Copernicus' model of the solar system correctly placed the sun at the center, it still provided inaccurate predictions because it maintained that the planets' orbits were _________.
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A) Accelerating
16.
The outer planets are more massive than the inner planets because
C) Both of the above
17.
The three basic types of galaxies are
B) Spiral, elliptical, and irregular.
18.
A planet orbiting a star feels a force due to the star’s gravity that
C) Increases with the star’s mass and decreases with the square of the distance.
19.
Massive main sequence stars
A) Have hot cores, use their hydrogen rapidly, and go supernova after a short life.
20.
Hubble’s law gives us an indirect way to measure a galaxy’s
D) Distance.
21.
We can determine an object’s temperature from its thermal (or “blackbody”) spectrum by finding the wavelength at which it emits the most electromagnetic radiation.
A) TRUE
22.
A solar eclipse occurs during full moon.
B) FALSE
23.
We can still see radiation left over from the Big Bang today as the cosmic microwave background.
A) TRUE
24.
After its core hydrogen is depleted, a red main sequence star will go supernova after its red giant phase.
A) TRUE
25.
The oldest stars in the Milky Way are found in the disk.
B) FALSE
26.
Astronomers believe there is enough dark matter in the universe to slow its expansion gradually toward a stop.
A) TRUE
27.
Galileo’s findings from his telescopic observations were revolutionary because he showed that the heavens were not perfect.
B) FALSE
28.
If the sun had begun fusion later, so it did not clear the solar nebula of its remaining gas so soon,
At some point in the future when the hydrogen runs out, at that point the star will start to collapse itself under its own weight. It get denser, hotter until the point where it starts to use the helium atoms themselves as the fuel for the fusion. As the star begins to fuse helium, it creates more energy and that causes the outer layers of the star to start to expand. One day our sun will grow so large that it will swallow up the inner planets of our solar system. It will become a red giant, for the sun this will be the beginning of the end. Then they explode and become a supernova or for some biggggggggggeeeeerrr stars it would be a hypernova, which is waaaayyy stronger than a supernova; supernovas are some of the most beautiful sights in the universe. Lucky for us, our sun is too small to even explode and become a supernova. These explosion of stars are so powerful that it can outshine the whole galaxy during its explosion. For the
In the vast abyss of space there once lived a star, a huge star, a red supergiant star to be exact, named High Masson, Mason for short. Mason was really old and he was about ready to die and let his element children roam throughout the universe. Inside of this giant star was an immense heat, a heat strong enough to create strong elements like silicon and iron, but definitely not the strongest of all the elements.
After a star lives for about 1 million years, it becomes a main sequence star. Once it becomes a main sequence star, it will then go through a proton-proton chain reaction. Since the force of gravity goes inward, the force of fusion will then go outward from the core. This process will continue for about 10 billion years even when the star is "burning" Over those ten years, the stars will eventually slowly run out of hydrogen. After it runs out of hydrogen, the core will fill up with helium.
One day the universe will turn dark forever as the last star fizzles out and that star will most likely be a red dwarf. When a red dwarf star forms it possesses important properties that give it the potential to host rocky planets similar to Earth. Therefore the creation and resulting properties of red dwarfs form stars that can provide energy to planets which may one day be hospitable to life forms. First the process of formation of red dwarfs will be explained. Then, the properties of these stars will be examined. Finally, the importance of red dwarf stars’ existence will be considered.
Every now and then, a large star reaching the end of its life collapses in on itself, and then explodes very violently. The star explodes so violently that for a few weeks the star can out shine its parent galaxy. This type of explosion is known as a supernova. Neutron stars form during a supernova.
When such a massive star consumes all its nuclear fuel, it undergoes a 'supernova' explosion and most of the matter is expelled. The extreme heat generated during such explosions can form elements heavier than iron through nuclear fusion.
Once the star burns all of the hydrogen fuel off it than becomes a red giant or a super red giant. So depending on the path that a star takes it can be
Once its 10 billion years of burning comes to an end, the hydrogen that it has been using as a fuel source has, for the most part, depleted. The center of the star begins to increase in size as the production of helium increases and an inner core of helium starts to grow. The helium does not burn at these temperatures so the burning is moved out to higher layers. This inner core begins to shrink under the force of gravity and while the star is extremely hot, it is still too cool to fuse helium. The burning of hydrogen in the outer layers, however, increases and the radius of the star increases nearly three times, bringing the star out of Main Sequence section and into the category of subgiant.
These clumps are shaped into disks and, after approximately one million years, a protostar will form in its center. Protostars continue to run off the same gravitational energy that was released by the initial collapse and continue to suck in dusty material from the space around itself. Once protostars are hot and dense enough to burn Hydrogen and Helium in their core they enter the main sequence period of their lives (NASA). Now, we can classify these stars further based on their masses.
Stars are born of gas and dust and have a life cycle based on their original mass. The sun produces energy and turns it into hydrogen into helium. Our sun is a bright yellow star and is made of mostly of hydrogen and helium. The size of the sun is a medium size star in the main sequence. The life cycle of a star is the low-mass (main sequence), medium-mass (giant,and white dwarf) , and High-mass ( supergiant, supernova, and black hole. There are three types of galaxies which are elliptical galaxies, spiral galaxies, and irregular galaxies. We classify stars by their size, color, temperature, and their luminosity. When a star dies it becomes a black hole until millions of years. The hottest star is the blue star the coldest star is the red star.
To reach this final stage of existence all stars go through the same accepted pattern of evolution, except in the case for large mass stars who have much shorter lives due to burning their hydrogen fuel
SC.8.E.5.2: Recognize that the universe contains many billions of galaxies and that each galaxy contains many billions of stars.
Dark Energy is a mysterious force that drives the expansion of the universe. Astronomers states that the universe is expanding and the expansion is accelerating, so the unknown anti-gravity force at work is termed dark energy. Dark energy has important consequences for
Our galaxy, The Milky Way, is composed of billion of stars of all ages, sizes and masses. A common stars, like our Sun, constantly gives out small amounts of X-ray radiation, and larger burst of X-rays during a solar flare. Along with our Sun, stars shine as a result of nuclear reaction that happens deep within their core. Causing chemical reactions that converts light elements into heavier ones and while releasing energy in the process. Energy from the central region provides pressure to keep the star from falling apart under its own weight. The contracting cloud is then called a protostar. A protostar is the earliest stage of a star’s life. A star is born when the gas and dust from a nebula become so hot that nuclear fusion starts. Once a star has “turned on” it is known as a main sequence star. When a main sequence star begins to run out of hydrogen fuel, the star becomes a red giant or a red supergiant.
White dwarf formed, particularly when there is availability of multiple stars; from this multiple star, it can experience similar exciting end as a nova. The gravity of this star may drag the hydrogen from the external layer of star onto itself because of the closeness with the other.