DRAFT
Who is Galileo Galilei? Astronomer. Galileo’s most common attribute is his work as an astronomer, refining the newly invented telescope, discovering moons, and proving the accepted model of Aristotelian cosmology wrong, while providing empirical evidence of Copernican Heliocentrism reinventing astronomy forever. Early in the 1600’s Galileo discovers the relatively new invention from the Netherlands called the telescope, and promptly builds his own, improving on the design, increasing the magnification, and the clarity of the image. The earlier versions of Galileo's telescopes had a magnification of 8x to around 10x magnification but through time, he continually refined the design eventually getting to around 30x magnification. Though Galileo was more than likely not the first to gaze into the heaven with a telescope, he was one of the very first to do
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Even before the construction of his telescope, Galilei read about Thomas Harriot's research of the Moon where he wrote about “strange spottednesse” of the Moon but lacked the ability to deduce the cause. Galileo, on the other hand, using some of his early life artistic knowledge was the first to deduce that these strange spots were actually landscape features such as mountains, and craters, casting their own shadows on the surface. Prior to this simple observation, the populace thought of the Moon as a heavenly body, and therefore perfect in orbit, and shape. This would be the first of many times where Galileo makes everyone think about the accepted geocentric model of the solar system. Galileo, moving much further out in the solar system, on January 7, 1610, is observing Jupiter and notices 3 fixed stars around the giant. Over the course of about a week Galilei continually monitors these stars and notices that are changing position relative to Jupiter, and one night a single star disappears. Given Galileo's acceptance of heliocentrism, he deduces that these fixed stars are actually 3 of Jupiter's
Although, Galileo did not invent the telescope, he is thought as the inventor of the telescope. Hans Lippershey was the person who invented the telescope in 1608. Galileo learned about the spyglass in 1609. He thought that learning about spyglass was so exciting and interesting. His interest of the spyglass led him to the discovery of improving the telescope. In order to discover deeper, Galileo began to experiment with making the telescope and polished the lenses of his own telescope to increase the range about eight to nine times further. Due to Galileo’s improvement of his telescope’s range, he was the first person to discover sunspots, to see the moon’s craters, and to keep on track of the phases of
Galileo(1564-1642) Made the telescope better and he used the telescope to observe planets, and he proves kepler’s theory, saw the imperfection of planets, and saw a storm on a planet also saw craters.
Galileo’s observational discoveries in astronomy allowed for the basis to begin discrediting the old ideas in favor of a new understanding of the universe. The longstanding way of thought in astronomy favored a spherically rotating universe around the Earth with unchanging and perfectly symmetrical constellations and planets. The contemporaries of Galileo believed, for example, that the moon had the face of a shiny, polished sphere, whereas Galileo showed that the surface of the moon to be imperfect with rough mountainous areas along with deep valleys (or “seas” as he called them) marked with dark sports (Frova 162). This surface very much paralleled the rough surface of the Earth (meaning that Earth’s surface was not unique). Also with his improved telescope, Galileo was capable of viewing the stars with much more clarity. Galileo discovered newly formed stars and star clusters, which challenged the Aristotelian philosophy of an ageless universe. Additionally, Galileo observed four of Jupiter’s largest moons orbiting around the planet (Frova 179). His observations of Jupiter’s satellites did not agree with the idea that all heavenly bodies must rotate around a central Earth. Finally, and arguably most important, Galileo showed Venus’s phases and
In December of 1941, Franklin D. Roosevelt hears about the attack on Pearl Harbor. He is struck by this message, because the Japanese ambassador delivered a message that there was no threat or hint of armed attack on the US. The air raid from Japan left 4 battleships sunk, 4 battleships damaged, 3 cruisers damaged, 3 destroyers damaged, 188 aircrafts destroyed, and 159 aircrafts damaged. Based upon historical records, it recorded over 2,300 civilians and servicemen died in this raid: “ In the 110 minutes it took for the Japanese attackers to swarm the skies over Oahu and spray American bases below with bombs, there were 2,335 U.S. servicemen and civilians dead”(Brett). The morale of the Americans were at a record low at this point. America had
The Suffrage Movement, a widespread movement emphasizing the necessity of voting rights for women, characterized much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Due to its mass appeal, major figures in the movement rose to impressive acclaim, protesting for the right to vote for women all around the world. This would often include the use of speeches to attract and persuade mass audiences, Susan B. Anthony’s speech, “Is it a Crime for a Citizen of the United States to Vote?”, and Emmeline Pankhurst's, “Freedom or Death’, were tools to address the claims that women deserve the right to vote, and both speeches use rhetorical devices to advance the effectiveness of this claim to their audience. In these two speeches, each author creates their
Galileo has been credited with the confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and the observation and analysis of sunspots. He also worked in mathematics and with technology, helping to improve the military compass. Galileo was a renaissance man.
Galileo was often known as an Italian physicist. His changes in science include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicans. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy," and the "father of modern physics". He also made the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, named the Galilean moons. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, inventing an improved military compass and other navigational instruments.
Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer, believed and proved that the heavens were not as polished as Ptolemaic astronomers assumed, but filled with change and blemishes. Using the telescope, his recent invention, he could see spots on the sun and mountains on the moon, defeating the argument that the heavenly bodies were perfectly spherical. He also discovered four moons of Jupiter. He designed experiments to show that the velocity of an object while falling depends on their height than its weight. He also predicted the law of inertia, which is still used today, which states that something will continue moving unless some force acts upon it. He used that law to offer a better explanation of how moving bodies behave under the influence of the
Galileo made his first telescope in early 1609 after being interested in similar magnifying objects that other people he knew was making at the time. Galileo's telescope helped him to discover the sunspots on our sun, four of Jupiter’s moons, and also found out that our moon did not have a smooth surface, but had a crater filled and rough surface (Armento et al. 355). In 1609, he developed a telescope better than any made ever before which had a 30x zoom on it (Armento et al.
Throughout Galileo's lifetime, he has invented and inspected a couple of things that have changed our lives nowadays. After hearing about the telescope, Galileo structured one himself improving its magnification thirty-two times. After constructing his telescope, he was able to observe the moon and conclude that it has an uneven surface and monthly liberations. He also discovered four Jupiter moons, which are Io, Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. In addition, he made inspections about sunspots, phases of Venus, and Saturn. Moreover, he perceived that the milky way is comprised of many stars. Ultimately, he wrote several books constituting all the consummations he did. Some of his books are the Sidereus Nuncius, The Assayer, Dialogue Concerning
Galilo was the first modern astronomer that made important discoveries with the telescope. He discovered moons of jupiter, sunspots, craters and mountains on the moon and phases of venus. He was a gifted mathematician and a genius observer and experimenter. In 1609, Galilo learned of the telescope and after observing its description he made his own. Using the telescope he found craters and mountains on the moon. Galileo purposeed that the moon wasn’t smooth and it’s a perfect sphere. He made effective use of the telescope by measuring the heights of lunar mountains using their shawdows. His overall impression was that the moon was another verison of the Earth. He also made effective use of the telescope by discovering 4 moon orbiting Jupiter.
Galileo was the first scientist to propose a theory for the law of gravitation, which stated that all objects are attracted by the Earth’s pull and fall at the same rate(9.8 m/s2. Galileo held that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force, and this theory was known as the law of Inertia. This theory, which was proven by Galileo in subsequent experiments and which was adopted by Isaac Newton as his First Law of Motion, furthermore was in direct contrast to Aristotle’s conviction that an object moved only so long as a force acted upon it. He used his design, which became one of the first telescopes, to make many new discoveries, including that the Moon was rocky and mountainous rather than smooth as previously thought, discovered 4 moons of Jupiter, many new stars, observed the rings of Saturn, which he called “ears”, the phases of Venus, and found the Sun had sunspots. Galileo’s astronomical observations led him to accept the Copernican view of the Universe, which holds that the Earth and all of
After Jupiter, Galileo turned to the sun. The sun was supposed to be one of the most splendid of all bodies, nothing but pure light. Galileo sees spots when looking at the sun but does not know what they are at first. He uses geometry and reason to discover that the spots are on the surface of the sun. Galileo noticed that the actual spots on the sun did not change but they would often appear on different parts of the sun.
Though Galileo had come up with plenty of inventions and discoveries, he didn’t actually make his first contribution to astronomy until about 1604, when a supernova, or a massive explosion of a star, suddenly appeared in the night sky. Galileo reasoned that this object was farther away than the planets and pointed out that this violent event in the sky meant that the "perfect and unchanging heavens" that Aristotle had claimed surrounded Earth were not unchanging after all (Galilei Galileo). Galileo did not stop with this first round of discoveries. Also in 1610 he observed that the planet Venus had light and dark phases (regularly recurring states) like the Moon, and for the same reasons: Venus did not make its own light, but was illuminated by the Sun. Looking at the Sun itself, he saw dark spots on its disc.
The use of the telescope led him to discover new characteristics of space and the solar system. He discovered Jupiter’s four largest moons and the rings of Saturn. He also discovered that the Milky Way galaxy is comprised of stars. The observation of mountains on the moon was made by Galileo as well. He also made numerous discoveries within these discoveries.