Gallbladder Research Papers

1. Describe the anatomic location of the pancreas relative to the other organs in the upper portion of the abdominal cavity. - The pancreas is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach and liver, leveled with the top of the small intestine and it also borders the liver, spleen and kidneys. The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen and is connected to the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine) through a small tube called the pancreatic duct. The narrow end of the pancreas, called the tail, extends to the left side of the body.

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Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water, bile salts, bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order to help digestion. Bile contains chemicals that break down/emulsify fats by dispersing fat globules into small droplets, therefore increasing the surface area, in turn speeding up the reaction. When fats get to the small intestine they

The prevalence of gallstones varies with the geographical region. In the western world, the rates range from approximately 8% in men to 16% in women.3 The typical course of cholelithiasis often begins as asymptomatic gallstones found incidentally on imaging studies. However, 2% of asymptomatic patients become symptomatic per year.8 Biliary colic is the most common symptom to manifest and approximately 20-40% of patients have recurring pain.8 Asymptomatic patients who have calcified gallbladders or large stones >2cm have a greater risk for gallbladder carcinoma and as a result these patients are recommended to have prophylactic cholecystectomy.8 Medical treatment is only advised for certain types of patients and is not the ideal treatment

Gallstones hold a very close annoying factor in my heart. As a registered nurse in a very busy Emergency Room, I find myself dealing with at least 2-4 gallstone/pain ER admits on every shift. I believe that one of the main reasons for the recurrent visits is due to the lack of education regarding their diet. My goal with this Outreach Project was to provide education regarding a healthy diet along with quick references to both the inappropriate and appropriate foods needed in order to manage the diagnosis of gallstones.

Cholemia is a condition where there is an excessive accumulation of bile salts in the blood and these bile salts are circulating in the blood stream. Bile is a yellowish fluid produced by the liver. It aids by digesting the fat in your diet. Bile is stored in the gallbladder, which is located inferior to the liver. Some individuals develop Cholemia when their gallbladder has been surgically removed. As stated before, the liver makes bile and bile is stored in the gallbladder. When a person eats, their normal gallbladder constricts and lets out the stored bile salts into the small intestines. This helps with digestion. Once the food is digested and absorbed, bile salts are then absorbed again at the other end of the small intestines and recycled to be used over and over.

The gallbladder is an interesting organ. It is an accessory organ that is able to be removed from the human body with little to no side effects. In layman's terms, the gallbladder is like a cup that stores bile. This organ is connected to the liver via the hepatic duct. The liver secretes bile and stores it in the gallbladder's body. The gallbladder has three parts which are the fundus or the bottom which is visible anteriorly, the body which is the main dilated portion, and the neck which tapers off to the cystic duct. When full, the gallbladder is approximately the size and shape of a small pear, but after a meal, the gallbladder releases the stored bile and becomes flat. The bile that the gallbladder stores is necessary to digest fat. Removing

Examination of the mucosa (seemed to)(show thickened) mucosa posteriorly toward the sphenoid. The sphenoid sinus was then entered and thickened mucosa was removed as well. The nasal frontal duct region on the left side appeared to be free of thickened mucosa. Again, a (middle meatus antrostomy) was made using (back biting forceps) after identification of the right angle olive tip sucker. There appeared to be a large amount of thickened mucosa around the ostia which was removed using

• The tube that drains bile from the new liver (bile duct) will be attached to the upper part of your child’s

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile. If the gallbladder was damaged or dysfunctional there would be softer and more frequent stools. (Audesirk, T., & Audesirk, G. (1999). Retrieved November 21, 2015 from Chapter 29: Nutrition and Digestion. In Biology: Life on Earth (5th ed., p. 585, 586). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.) (General Surgery- Gallstones (Cholelithiasis). (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from

Portal biliopathy (PB) is a clinical condition defined as the presence of abnormalities in the biliary tree (including biliary tree and gallbladder) in patients with non-cirrhotic/non-neoplastic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) and portal cavernoma (PC)[1]. In literature, this disease has been named as “portal hypertensive biliopathy” [2], “portal cavernoma-associated cholangiopathy” [3], “portal cavernomacholangiopathy” [4], “cholangiopathy associated with portal hypertension” [5], “pseudosclerosing cholangitis” [6] and “pseudocholangiocarcinoma”[7] due to the fact that PB biliary alterations can mimic sclerosing cholangitis or cholangiocarcinoma, respectively.

The gallbladder contains certain enzymes for the breakdown of animal fats. The rat doesn’t have one because most aren’t carnivores or omnivores so they don’t have to digest animal fats. Rats manufacture a bile acid called muricholic acid, which is not made by humans. So this means that they don’t need to have a gallbladder. Also they rarely take in large amount of fatty foods, thereby, making a gallbladder useless.

The Liver is the body's largest gland, weighing about three to four pounds. It is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdominal cavity. Without the liver, our bodies would be poisoned and unfit for us to do anything at all. It is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. The primary functions of the liver are: Bile productions and excretion. Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs. Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Enzyme activation. Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals. Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors. And blood detoxification and purification.

Secondly, the elongated gonads are located beneath the swim bladder. This specimen was male because it only had one urogenital pore behind the anus and the bright orange tissue of the testis was found near the intestines. The digestive tract is then removed as a whole and consist of the esophagus, stomach, pyloric ceca, intestines and anus. The digestive organs are often covered with a fat layer of insulation purposes. The cream coloured liver and gallbladder are removed along with the digestive organs. These organs are then separated from the digestive tract by cutting the membranes that join them. The liver is the largest of all the internal organs and the gallbladder is green, because of the bile production.

The gallbladder is a sac attached to the undersurface of the liver. It has a folded interior and functions to concentrate and store the bile produced by the liver. When there is no chyme in the duodenum the sphincter muscles within the duodenum remain closed and the bile back up the common bile duct into the cystic duct that leads into the gallbladder. The gallbladder concentrates the bile by re-absorbing water from the bile back into the blood. The bile contains the bile salts that emulsify the fats in the chime. It also contains cholesterol tat can be eliminated from the body. The cholecystokinin is a hormone secreted from the intestinal mucosa and is triggered by fat in the chime. The CCK causes the gallbladder to contract and push the stored bile into the ducts leading to duodenum.