GAME THEORY Project Phase I
1. Introduction
Decision concerning electrical transmission network expansion has become harder in the last two decades. As a matter of fact, the power sector has been decentralized and the electricity market is now a competitive market. Thus a transmission expansion plan cannot follow the traditional planning criteria anymore. As a result, new techniques are developed in order to solve the transmission expansion problem TEP.
Usually different optimization methods are used to solve the TEP: genetic algorithm (GA), Tabu search (TS) and several heuristic and metaheuristic techniques. Those are called static scenarios. Dynamic scenarios are the one based on game theory which represents the behavior
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The model is applied to the Garver six-bus system for testing.
A form of non-cooperative games is defined in [5]. The concept of reference transmission network (RTN) is introduced. The RTN is considered to be the sub game perfect Nash equilibrium of the dynamic game. The game agents in this paper are the planner and all the power producers. Transmission expansion plans are proposed by the investors and the planner chooses one possible feasible plan. For each plan a multi-stage game is performed and every stage is formed by a number of spot market sessions. At every spot market an auction is organized and both power producers and consumers participate and bid. The Nash equilibrium at each stage is computed using diagonalization algorithm. As an illustrative example, A 3-bus system is used.
In [6] a transmission expansion search methodology is proposed using multiple optimization techniques. Once the optimal TEP is obtained, the costs of the included projects are evaluated considering the bargaining solution of the right-of-ways between investor and land owner, the asset cost and the level of effort of the corresponding agent (investor). A principle-agent game where the principle is the central planner and the agent is the investor is used to model the expected utility of the game participants. Finally the bidding competition occur in order to win the project contract. The optimal bid is concluded depending on the
Societies are characterized more by competition because “biology is war, in which only the fiercest survive.” Cooperation is good at times, but without competition, there is not much reason to do anything, but then without cooptation, we cannot do anything. Basically, cooperation gets things done, but competition is an incentive.
The decisions or strategies one company chooses will likely motivate other competitors to respond. Using the game theory allows a company to assess and understand more about itself and its competitors so that it can adjust and shape the competition to maximize its win probability (Johnson, 2014). Some examples of how A&D companies apply the game theory in their decision making are:
B. Monopoly is a board game that originated in the United States in 1903 as a means of demonstrating that an economy which rewards wealth creation is better than one in which monopolists work under few constraints.
From the show 's introduction in December 2005, NBC has had tremendous success with the game show Deal or No Deal. The game show, which was created in the Netherlands, pits acontestant against the mysterious banker. The contestant is trying for the case with $1 million,while the banker 's stated goal is to get the contestant to go home with as little money as possible while also trying to keep the game going for as long as possible. Deal or No Deal is a unique game show in that it takes virtually no skill on the part of the contestant. As long as the contestant can count to 26 (the number of cases), he can play the game. But this lack of skill requirement allows us, as economists, to study how people make decisions in a situation where all
For the How the Market Works stock trading game, I tried to play strategically in a sense where I would look at which stocks were down and up. Additionally, I bought the main 4 stocks of the technology sector, for they have been going up for a while now. I would only buy stocks when they were down because they cost less money, and would try to sell them when they were up. Day trading was a big aspect of my game plan, but it was impossible to day trade at all hours of the day, so I bought the safe tech stocks to insure that my portfolio would always be going up. Some of my top picks were Netflix and Alibaba, which made the most money. Sadly, Alibaba went up 16%, roughly 2.5k, the day following the close of the game. I am familiar with these companies, a thing Warren Buffet said is necessary to buy, and their year to date is up. Also, I noticed that there is usually a morning spike in stocks and a daily fall in the end of the day. So, it was necessary to sell and buy several times throughout the day. I know this because my dad has been investing in the stock market for several years and gave
* Current ratio of 3.53 shows that Adidaz is in a healthy situation and has the ability to pay off future debt. (Increase of 0.45).
If our company can earn sufficient fund, it is proposed to increase production in Asia-Pacific (AP) region. It is because the production cost in AP is lower than in North America (NA).
These are the plan(s) by state actors designed to achieve a particular long term aim. It could be aimed at pursuing their own interests at the expense of others leading to conflict or competition.
In the state of nature game, we are giving two options; first you are giving an automatic grade of B for just participating in the game. Then where it gets complicated is when you are giving the chance to get an A, but in order to get the A you have to ask for it then if more than one person asks for an A everyone automatically gets an F, but in the case when one person ask for an A then where as everyone else asks for a B, the people who asks for the B would all get a F then the one who asks for the A gets an A.
FirstEnergy engages in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and “produces approximately 80 million megawatt-hours of electricity annually from a fleet of carbon-free nuclear, scrubbed coal, natural gas, and hydro plants” (see Appendix B) (About Us, 2017). FirstEnergy is currently implementing the first phase of its “Energizing the Future” transmission upgrade project. This long-term initiative will receive a $4.2 billion investment from 2014 to 2017 is designed to increase service reliability and accommodate increased future demands (Transmission Projects, 2015). This project includes “replacing existing equipment with advanced technologies designed to enhance system reliability, meeting projected load growth driven primarily by sale gas-related activity in our region, and reinforcing the system in light of power plant deactivations” (Transmission Projects, 2015).
In this paper, the efficiency of the ultimatum game theory was assessed to resolve water conflicts between agricultural and environmental water needs in Zarrinehroud River Basin, northwest of Iran. Irrigated agriculture and its water needs were to be adjusted in order to mitigate the downstream Lake Urmia drying condition. The great need of food production in the region and in the whole country in one hand, and the worsening environmental impacts due to the drying lake, on the other hand, are clearly conflicting issues.
The strategic board game, Diplomacy, focuses on wars, but more importantly the act of negotiating. The players are responsible for forming strategies by both developing and breaking alliances with their competitors. The game is set in Europe during World War I with most teams beginning with similar resources. Each player-team competes as an either Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Italy, England, France, Russia, or Germany. With at least three home-center game pieces on the board, there are strategic movements in order to control one of the eighteen supply centers. This involves phases of negotiation prior to movement of the game piece. There is no factor of luck. The main variable in the game is each team’s ability to convince the others to do what they want. The core game strategy is negotiation. This board game at times mirrors actual history and educates the players as to the method by which a world war can happen.
From playing the stock market game, a major lesson I learned is that the stock market is volatile. Even though there are outside factors that influence the value of a stock, the price, too, fluctuates for little reason. A stock's price resembles a yoyo, spiraling up and down on daily basis. Because of this reason, there is no such thing as a "guarantee" investment. Buying Apple or Amazon stock does not assure profits. When playing this simulated game, it was easy to win money, but easier to lose. Losses, which come with investing in the stock market, are not a bad thing. It is both a valuable learning experience and a motivator. Throughout my time participating in this simulation, I lost a ton of money, but it taught me that the stock market doesn't not bend to anyone's rules. It takes a level-headed, strategic mind to play a fickle game such as the stock market.
Lastly, CSGO is a strategic game that requires a lot of teamwork from every individual. CSGO requires a lot of components in order to receive a higher rank. The components can be a positive mentality, calling-out when it is appropriate, controlling the spray pattern of each gun. As these three basic factors are handled properly, there will be an abundance of professional
The stock market game assignment was a new learning experience. The simulation gave us $100,000.00 to buy and sell domestic equities. The guidelines made the game a bit more straightforward by not allowing students to trade certain items. This assignment gave students the opportunity to see how the trading market works. Overall the stock market game assignment was a great way for any student to learn how the market works by having hands on experience with buying and trading their own stocks.