My independent study on Game Theory this past semester has been an extremely rewarding experience. It has pushed me to learn more about myself, to approach the world with new perspectives, to see similarities across discipline, and to cross-apply knowledge to improve my models. I was drawn into Game Theory because of its wide range of applications across academic disciplines like economics, biology, and history as well as in real life situations like bargaining and getting loans. In my independent proposal and my first blog post, I have established exploring the real world applications of Game Theory as one of my major goals this semester. Since the start of September, I’ve been watching Game Theory courses on Yale Open Courseware and doing weekly problem sets accompanying the lectures. The diverse examples Professor Polak used to illustrate complex concepts confirmed my previous beliefs that Game Theory is not an isolated and purely theoretical subject, but is developed to answer human curiosities and our needs. These lectures not only taught me to draw payoff matrices and decision tree to figure out best responses to hypothetical situation but also to see the similarities in life situations through the perspectives of simplistic mathematic models. For example, the generalized “prisoner’s dilemma” model that involves two players and two strategies can be used to explain the necessity of roommate contract, procrastination in group projects, or grades inflation in the
The ultimate game is a very interesting probe of our assumptions about the way people make economic transactions. The ultimatum game is a game in economic experiments. The first player (the proposer) receives a sum of money and proposes how to divide the sum between the proposer and the other player. The second player (the responder) chooses to either accept or reject this
In real life, the theory cannot provide a straightforward strategy used by the competitor or to be used against the competitor because it is not clear what strategy the competitor has chosen (Li & Yu,2016).
The decisions or strategies one company chooses will likely motivate other competitors to respond. Using the game theory allows a company to assess and understand more about itself and its competitors so that it can adjust and shape the competition to maximize its win probability (Johnson, 2014). Some examples of how A&D companies apply the game theory in their decision making are:
Games can be very hard. States can be only observes to a certain extend. Multiple agents choose Actions, stochastic pays off and state transition depends on state and other
Being a video-gaming geek, I grew my obsession for economics via a video-game whose mechanisms derived from real world’s intricate economic theories. Not only critical observation of Economics’ mechanisms virtually bolstered my passion but noticing real world’s diverse complexities and contribution from a hawker to a large hypermarket , proved to be nail in the coffin. The importance and relevance of economic
The strategic board game Diplomacy focuses on wars, but more importantly the act of negotiating. The players are responsible for forming strategies by both developing and breaking alliances with their competitors. The game is set in Europe during World War I with most teams beginning with similar resources. Each player competes as an either Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Italy, England, France, Russia, or Germany. With at least three home center game pieces on the board, there are strategic movements in order to control one of the eighteen supply centers. This involves phases of negotiation prior to movement of game piece. There is no factor of luck. The main variable in the game is each team’s ability to convince the others to do what they want. The core game strategy is negotiation.
Good post and I choose game theory as well. Game theory deals with any situation in which the reward of any one player (called the payoff) depends on not only his or her own actions but also on those of other players in the game. Game theory provides a technique that is suited to investigate such interactions, but as applied in the research literature it is a far more mathematical treatment than might be suggested by our attempt to explain its nature in a simple way.
Some people, like myself, need practical models in order to understand certain concepts and theories. In our text book The Economy Today it completely ignores the intrinsic value of business decisions because you can’t put a numeric value on it. The game Monopoly™ is all about the numbers. In the game of Monopoly™ you have goals: The object is to bankrupt all opponents. To do so, you must be dedicated and make each decision with the aim of improving your chances and wiping out your opponents.” (Monopoly) In what I will call throughout the paper real life, the goal is the same. Look at the excerpt from an ABC New article called The
Today, I shot out of bed knowing that it would be an exciting but busy day. In the morning, I hustled over to Starbucks in the Commons to grab a frappuccino and a piece of pumpkin bread so my body's energy could match my mind's eagerness. I slept in and did not have time to take a shower before my Math/PPE 180 class; I was running on a sleep deficit, as I stayed up a bit too late preparing for my 2nd midterm on Nash Equilibria. Previously, I had studied Game Theory in AP Microeconomics, but its analytic nature and application to real-life-issues left me just a bit too interested to fall asleep.
In the state of nature game, we are giving two options; first you are giving an automatic grade of B for just participating in the game. Then where it gets complicated is when you are giving the chance to get an A, but in order to get the A you have to ask for it then if more than one person asks for an A everyone automatically gets an F, but in the case when one person ask for an A then where as everyone else asks for a B, the people who asks for the B would all get a F then the one who asks for the A gets an A.
Rockefeller. He showed us a video about Standard Oil and how the government had to break it down into several different parts. Then we went to a small project in which certain animals required a set amount of resources to sustain, and we had to make a zoo with a limited budget. Then there was game theory which dealt with concepts of probability and odds. Mr. Sean played us the British daytime show “Golden Balls” where two contestants were given two options in the final round: split the money by placing the “split” ball and hoping the other player has done the same or stealing the money by placing the “steal” ball and hoping the other player has done the opposite. If both players had chosen the split ball, they would split the money; had both chosen the steal ball, neither would have gotten the money. It was a test of someone’s character; we all thought it was a genius idea. Then we went to Nash Equilibrium. I never truly understood what it was. There were more theories and laws that we went over, none of which I remember either. By the last week of the course, I was utterly confused. Everything from the first week was mixed together in my head with the topics from earlier and I could not understand a single thing. I am quite sure to this day that I failed the final exam in that class. Luckily, it was not recorded
There have been many topics that we have covered in class that have opened my eyes to how behavioral economics play a role and are seen in everyday life. I really enjoy examining these topics that we learn in class and when reading. Last nights reading of Kahneman had me thinking of a particular topic of outcome bias and how that impacts our illusion of understanding. Kahneman defines outcome bias as give too little of credit to the decision maker when he makes a decision with a good outcome and blames the decision maker when he made a good decision with a bad outcome. This had me thinking of a particular instance two weeks ago when the Twins were playing the Yankees in the wild card game. Paul Molitor, the Twins manager chose to keep the pitcher in the following inning after giving up a couple runs in the prior inning. The pitcher the following inning gave up another run or two giving the Yankees the lead. The next day driving to class, I was listening to KFAN the sports radio and they were saying how this decision cost the Twins the game and should cost Molitor his job next year. When I heard this I was very surprised, not being a Twins fan I thought that they would be glad with the turn around the team made this year, having been one of the worst teams in the MLB. When I was reading last night and I came across outcome bias, I immediately went back to this moment and it was clear that the talk show radio announcers had participated in outcome bias. Even though
In this paper, the efficiency of the ultimatum game theory was assessed to resolve water conflicts between agricultural and environmental water needs in Zarrinehroud River Basin, northwest of Iran. Irrigated agriculture and its water needs were to be adjusted in order to mitigate the downstream Lake Urmia drying condition. The great need of food production in the region and in the whole country in one hand, and the worsening environmental impacts due to the drying lake, on the other hand, are clearly conflicting issues.
Game theory cannot always predict reliable outcomes for real-life situations as it is more an
This is an argument between the conceptuality and the practicality of Nash equilibrium in Economics. To understand it we need to first look into what economics is about, which is the study of social and human interaction and rational decision making quantitatively. Nash equilibrium can act as a tool to provide an insight into such interaction. In the first part of this essay, I am going to evaluate why the statement ‘economics without the concept of Nash equilibrium is conceptually flawed’ is true, by looking into the importance of rationality in economics and the mechanism of the Nash equilibrium. In the second part, I am going to assess why the argument for ‘Economics with the concept of Nash equilibrium is practically useless’ is true