Gap Inequality And Disparity Between Indigenous And Non Indigenous Australians By Means Of Employment

Social inequality is a problematic phenomenon that occurs all around the world and affects both the developed and developing nations. It is defined as “the unequal distribution of social, political and economic resources within a social collective” (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 205). Inequality is closely connected with social stratification, a system of social hierarchy that positions individuals and groups into categories according to social variables such as class or ethnicity (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 485). This stratification has a significant impact on the opportunity that an individual may have to move up the hierarchy of inequality (Gill 2017a).

Indigenous Australians have faced many changes to their original life style, with numerous policies being brought in. These policies had an incredible affect on how the indigenous Australians lived. The policies inflicted on the indigenous Australians varied widely and had numerous impacts. The policies of assimilation, protection and integration had mainly negative impacts on the community, causing loss of identity, language and religion. The policies of self-determination and reconciliation, had mostly positive effects to the indigenous Australian community, creating a stronger bond between black and white Australians, encouraging the concept of closing the gap between indigenous Australians and non-indigenous Australians. These

It is without denial that aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people are treated differently in our society especially by the media. They are often represented as, trouble makers, violent and drunks. These remarks used by the media are giving bad impressions on Aboriginal people. Tonight, on Media Matters we will unmask the truth on the media’s treatment of the famous Sydney Swans footballer Adam Goodes. The media has heavily criticized this athlete making unfair statements causing them to break the journalist’s code of ethics, the very rule book they should be following. The code of ethics applies to all journalists and is designed to keep their reports fair, non-judgemental.

▪ Increasing the number of Indigenous people working in the health sector (Aboriginal, health workers, social workers, doctors, dentists, nurses, etc);

Archaeologists believe that aboriginals first came to Australia about 45, 000 years ago and were the only population of humans in Australia until the British invasion. There are about 500 different aboriginal groups each with their own language and territory and usually made up of several separate clans. The aboriginals of Australia are marginalised in today society. This marginalisation began right back during the British invasion where they were evicted from their own country, the stolen generation occurred and their health care, education, employment and housing was severely limited. Aboriginals generally live in poor conditions and choose unhealthy lifestyle choices

Over the last two decades the Australian population has faced a number of economic instabilities that has seen the gap between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ increase. To determine who the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ are an in-depth investigation will be performed examining the circumstances under which the gap can be manipulated. The economic wellbeing of individuals is largely determined by their command over economic resources (ABS, 2009). The wellbeing of individuals who are classified as ‘haves’ are usually people who are asset rich, contain bonds, shares and are fairly affluent. The wellbeing of individuals who are classified as ‘have nots’ are usually the working poor, who have little assets and little investments i.e. bonds. These

Wright, P, and Lewis, P (2017). Close the gap Progress and Priorities Report 2017. Retrieved from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-social-justice/publications/close-gap-progress-0

The Discrepancy of life expectancy between aboriginal and non-aboriginal people sadly, I think is always going to be there. It is just the way things are. The improper living conditions for aboriginal people on many of these northern reserves in Canada. The lack of opportunity for aboriginal people to seek fulfilment in their lives and seek to grow as people. The racism that aboriginal people face on a day-to-day basis. The impact of the past of residential schools and segregations hospitals has on aboriginal people today. The impact that Segregation and assimilation of aboriginal people into western society had on aboriginal people is revisable. I think these conditions all affect the discrepancy between non-aboriginal people in Canada and

INDENT is a culturally aware organisation that prides itself on working across cultural barriers. INDENT recognises the challenges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are faced with and acknowledges the impact past government Australian policy has affected our Nation’s Indigenous people. We do this by: • Working with community Elders to implement and help guide us with our programs, community Elders are encouraged to attend our programs and interact with children • Our programs are based on promoting positive Aboriginal identity • Zero tolerance policy in regards to racism, stereotyping or biased behaviour or comments • Work with Interpreters to overcome language limitations.

“Smoking rates have halved in Australians over the past 30 years, falling below 16%. Except for in Indigenous populations, smoking rates have remained at more than twice this level, with even higher rates reported in remote communities” (RACGP, 2013) The inequality that has been faced by Indigenous people is still at an unacceptable level, and has “been identified as a human rights concern by the United Nations” (Dick, 2007). Smoking is a major issue because, “it is the most preventable contributor to the gap in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples” (Ivers, 2011). “Smoking contributes to 17% of the life expectancy gap” (Australian Government: Department for Health and Welfare, 2011). The socio-economic disadvantage faced by Indigenous people leads to the addiction of tobacco, which can be caused by many factors including; their position on the social gradient, education, social exclusion, their employment status and their social support. There is a lack of developed personal skills on the health risks of tobacco, “some Aboriginals don’t identify smoking as a health issue” (Korff, 2014), due to the history of Aboriginal people around smoking. As well as first hand smoke, passive smoking also contributes to poor health, especially for children. Smoking is the major cause for heart disease, stroke, some cancers, lung diseases and a variety of other conditions (HealthInfoNet.ecu.edu.au, 2013). “If we could reduce tobacco consumption levels

Youth unemployment has been a constant problem in Australia for decades. In Treasurer Scott Morrison and the Coalition’s 2016-17 budget, a new plan focusing on helping young people join the workforce aims to drastically lower the youth unemployment rate over the next few years: the ‘Youth Jobs PaTH Program’. The $752 million dollar program aims to help up to 120,000 vulnerable young people over the next four years (Budget 2016-17, Queensland Government). However, there is a concern how effective the scheme will be, due to its emphasis on purely internships. Many argue that the Coalition’s youth unemployment scheme ‘Working Futures’ is a better option to lower youth unemployment, for its alternative structure and focus. To decide which one is best for Australia, both the Coalition and Labor Party’s scheme will be judged by analysing their social impacts upon the Australian youth.

The Indigenous Peoples (us) are entitled to the revenue of the oil from our land as we are the residents of the land and because the government had promised us that they would give us a place to live. We are the residents of the land that they are using for the oil extraction, therefore we should be able to benefit from something that was found in our area. Majority of the oil extraction area is the majority of our land, meaning the oil was originally from our community. This proves that the oil was on our land, and because it was on our land, she should at least get a bit of revenue from the profit the oil would earn. In addition to the fact that we are the residents of the land, we were also promised a place to live by the government after

Global Skills, are a contracted job services provider for the Department of Employment and Department of Social Services Employment Services System which operates in 18 locations across Sydney (Global Skills, 2016). Operating in the Greater Western Sydney region for the past 25 years, the purpose of the organisation is to provide job seekers with support services and deliver programs including job seeking skills training, on and off the job mentoring and counselling as a pathway to sustainable employment (Global Skills, 2016). As an integrated service that connects job seekers with employers who may have been long term unemployed, their clientele encompasses people from multilingual and Indigenous background of all genders, ranging in age between 16 to 65. The job seekers attending global skills are people who are primarily bound by a mutual obligation requirement set by Centrelink, where majority of them are on a prescribed Job plan (Australian Department of Human Services, 2016; Guide to Social Security Law, 2016). To satisfy their job plan requirements, job seekers are stipulated to attend Global Skills for two hours a week where they are required

1.1 The purpose of this report is to emphasise the importance of challenging social attitudes towards inequalities in employment to improve the understanding needed by community and youth workers, “Equality of opportunity is the freedom to pursue success, achievement or individual goals unimpeded by artificial constraints” (Platt, 2011. P7).

Unemployment is recognised as one of the most challenging social problems currently facing Australia. In the last two decades and more recently with the global recession high levels of unemployment have become an established feature of the South Australian social and economic landscape, with young people aged 15 to 24 years among those hardest hit by unemployment.