Garrod's Life And Accomplishments

Gout is an inflammation disease in which urate crystals deposit into joints resulting in high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricaemia). Urate crystals are deposited in the connective tissues of the body causing gout disorder. Gout affects the first metatarsal joint of the foot where the base of the big toes and this condition makes the person wake up at night feeling like their big toes are on fire and pain is most severe in hours immediately following the attack. Urate crystals are deposited in various other connective tissues causing more inflammation as it progresses. gout can occur due to primary or secondary hyperuricemia and is treatable. Gout occurs must often in men usually after 30 years of age where as women are expected to get after menopause. (Flynn &Johnson, 2005, pp 1447-1448)

Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the body fluids have excess base. The kidneys and lungs maintain the proper balance of chemicals, called acids and bases, in the body. Decreased carbon dioxide or increased bicarbonate level makes the body too alkaline. There are different types of alkalosis such as: respiratory alkalosis, which is caused by a low carbon dioxide level in the blood. This can be due to: fever, lack of oxygen, lung disease, or liver disease; hypochloermic alkalosis is caused by an extreme lack or loss of chloride, from prolonged vomiting; hypokalemic alkalosis is caused by the kidneys’ response to an extreme lack of potassium, this can occur from taking certain water pills. Compensated alkalosis occurs when the body returns to the acid-base balance to normal in cases of alkalosis, but bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels remain abnormal. Symptoms of alkalosis can include: confusion, hand tremor, light-headedness, muscle twitching, vomiting, and numbness or tingling in the face, hands, or feet. Treatment for alkalosis depends on

The huge amount of risk factors for the impact of gout in male and female has now been published in epidemiological studies. Therefore, gout has a strong association with many common morbid risk factors, and directly increases the prevalence and incidence; cause mortality beyond that expected. According to AIHW study, the incidence of gout was 4 times higher in male than in female and increased with age. In concluding, Arthritis and other Musculoskeletal Conditions, such as Gout, should remain on the list of National Priority in

The disease was first noted in 1786 by Caleb Hillier Parry 1755- 1822, physician from General Hospital, Bath, England. His account was published posthumously in 1825.

My dad is a 46-year-old, overweight, African American man and for as long as I can remember, he has had swollen knees, ankles and toes. I’d always assumed it was due to his obesity and borderline refusal to take care of himself, though he insisted it was because he worked too long and too hard six days a week to take care of me and the rest of the family. That was enough for me to keep my mouth shut. It wasn’t until a few years ago, that the pain in his right big toe got bad enough for him to finally decide to go to the hospital. Nurses, doctors, and podiatrists, all said the same thing – my father’s pain and inflammation came from a certain kind of arthritis called gout. They all said that his current weight wasn’t making matters all that easier. His doctor relayed that if he lost about one hundred pounds and took the anti-inflammatory drugs they prescribed he should see a dramatic relief of pain.

Musculoskeletal System: Patient denies having history of arthritis or gout. She also denies the presence of pain, stiffness, swelling, deformity, limitation of motion,

The HGPRT deficiency results in an accumulation of uric acid in all body fluids. The decreased utilization of purines and increased synthesis combination produces high levels of uric acid buildup . As a result, hyperuricosuria and hyperuricemia occur which are associated with kidney problems

This inflammatory incurable disease Rheumatoid Arthritis came as a surprise to John as he had never experienced such an ‘excruciating pain’ in his joints. Pain initially started in his left hand and the next day he suffered from the same excruciating pain in his right hand. This really disturbed him as he had no idea what to do with it. The pain was absolutely excruciating that he decided to see a doctor and seek medical advice. His doctor was also confused and just recommended him some Analgesic or Paracetamol tablets to mitigate the pain. This indicates that John has led a healthy life in his past and has good medical record, since he was experiencing this kind of disease for the first time in his life; his doctor was unable to learn about his condition in the first place (Charmaz, pp.976-993).

Professor Eric Morand is a specialist in rheumatologist from the royal public hospital for rheumatic diseases in Melbourne, United Kingdom. The professor gained fellowship from the Australian royal college of Physicians (RACP) back in 1992 (Vincent). Currently, professor Morand is the head of the school’s clinical sciences at the Monash health at Monash University. Morand is the chief of the Monash Health Rheumatology Unit, which is the largest health group in Australia (Eric Morand). Professor Morand is a specialist in clinical care and research of systematic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and rheumatic diseases (Eric Morand). Eric Morand is the founder of the Monash lupus clinic (MLC) which is the Australia’s largest research ground clinic

Although, RA was a very common disease in ancient history. Arthritis and diseases of the joints have been plaguing mankind since ancient times. According to Choy (2013), “In around 1500 BC Ebers Papyrus described a condition that is similar to rheumatoid arthritis” (p.3). This is one of the first references to this disease. Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease was well-known in Egypt because of the evidence found while researching Egyptian mummies. Researchers found that RA was a common disease in ancient times due to lack of nutrition and lack of healthcare (Choy, 2013, p.4). In ancient times, treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis included bloodletting and leeching, which would likely lead to a variety of other health concerns. Next, Choy (2013) states, “The Far East developed practices of acupuncture, acupressure, and moxibustion” (Choy, 2013, p.3). Moxibustion means the use of heat. In the past, RA was also treated with plant extracts of Willow bark and leaves. These leaves contained silicon, and this relieved other arthritis pains for patients. Today, treatment changed to pharmaceutical medications named

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. There are more than 100 different types of Arthritis, yet it is estimated that it affects approximately 1% of the population in the Western World. The disease is generally diagnosed in middle aged adults and the elderly. In rarer cases, children can also develop the disease and it is called Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Women are three times more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis than men. (Stevens) Many people living with Rheumatoid Arthritis appear to be healthy individuals, but suffer internally. Today, I will discuss what rheumatoid arthritis is, how it is diagnosed, and how it affects the body.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a growing and life- changing disease in Australia, creating negative social and economic consequences for both the individual patient and society. A disorder in which the body attacks its own healthy cells and tissues resulting in limited movement and inflamed joints in the body. Rheumatoid Arthritis has been chosen as a National Health Priority Area as it is a prevalent disease and the conditions are a significant cause of disability. The topics being discussed in this essay will include the definition of the disease Rheumatoid Arthritis: reasons for inclusion as a priority health issue focusing on the incidence and prevalence in the Australian population, risk factors for developing Rheumatoid Arthritis and

My patient is near and dear to my heart; she is my grandma and her name is Jolene. She grew up on a farm in Clear Lake, Washington with her parents, sister, and brother. She married her high school sweetheart and they had two children, a boy and girl. They were a very poor family and life got even harder when her husband, Dave, passed away from a heart attack. Suddenly she was a widow with two children and no money. She worked many jobs to support her children for many years until another great man came along, Dennis. He was an established chiropractor with three kids and he was also recently divorced. It wasn’t long until he swept my grandma off her feet and into her new life. He helped her establish many boutiques of her own and provided a great life for all their children. Now almost forty years later, they are still together. Once their children were out on their own and making a life for themselves, Dennis and Jolene decided to pack up and move to Europe. They lived in Italy for almost ten years before returning to Washington because of Jolene’s newly onset rheumatoid arthritis. Although she loved Italy, her body wasn’t okay with the cobble stones and all the walking she had to do. Today, Jolene enjoys spending time at her self-owned boutique in Walla Walla, Washington, walking her pug, Ping, and spending time with her

This paper will be addressing a chronic disease known as rheumatoid arthritis, this “is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system – which normally protects its health by attacking foreign substances like bacteria and viruses – mistakenly attacks the joints. This creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (the synovium) to thicken, resulting in swelling and pain in and around the joints” (Foundation 2016). The interviewee in this paper, Robert Doe, age 68, has been diagnosed with this chronic autoimmune disease. This interview consisted of six questions in the home of Mr. Doe around his disease and the medications/substances used and what their long term effects consist of. When conducting the interview, it was found that Mr. Doe lives in the far southern suburbs, this area seems to have many elderly people who have also retired from employment. Also discussed were activities of daily living and how this disease affects these activities, mental welfare, quality of health care, social determinants and lastly limitations connected to rheumatoid arthritis. This forming the purpose of the paper around Mr. Doe’s daily living, medicine and substance intake, and how this relates to determinants of health. Furthermore, due to ethical and confidential reasons the interviewee’s name has been changed throughout this paper to protect and maintain their privacy.

The possible causes of this acid base imbalance are the vomiting and the overuse of antacids. As the name implies it is bicarbonate which has been added to the body. The vomiting reduces the extracellular fluid and this in turn leads to a release of angiotensin and aldersterone. This release then increases the bicarbonate absorption and increased hydrogen ion and potassium excreted. This patient may also have hypokalemia which is very common in metabolic alkalosis and would need to be replaced if it occurred ( Thomas, 2015). The respiratory rate would also slow to try and compensate for the alkalosis.