When choosing a theory or developmental domain for this project only one stood out among the others. I chose Garvey’s talk analysis. This theory focuses on the language that occurs during play. The particular language that appears in play drives or influences what happens during play. There are several types of play talk that arise during
The child’s play session involved playing with several toys. One toy in particular was a shape sorting game. Through his interaction with this toy the child exhibited trial and error operation as he figured out the proper orientation to get each shape into the container. This behavior is characteristic of Stage II of Westby Play Scale. The toddler’s play attached language was focused on the labeling objects. He produced the word /tɹʌk/ several times throughout the play session in referring to his toy cars. Additionally, the child was able to make a request to his mother. While playing with his cars on a track the child stopped and handed the toy to his mother. In doing so, the toddler made a nonlinguistic request for action as termed in Dore’s
Banerjee (2016) further provides research that reveals six characteristics of play (1) make-believing using objects; (2) assuming a make-believe role; (3) make-believing about a situation or action; (4) persisting or being able to continue the play in face of challenges; (5) using language to communicate the context of play; and (6) interacting socially while playing. These six characteristics are guides to promote play for ELL children and should be used by teachers to set up a play environment. The main focus of play for ELL children is to develop a child’s language skills, however it also includes development for all domains. Another strategy that can be used to help ELL students develop their communication is by using the buddy system. This is where the teacher pairs an ELL student with a Non-ELL student to foster social interaction and encourage communication. Through observation of the Non-ELL student as they speak, the ELL students will be encouraged to respond in
There are numerous theories of play and countless theorists, from Freud and Spencer to Piaget and Vygotsky, who have studied play in relation to what it is and what it does for the child. This essay will outline the definition and value of play and the importance of how it can foster the child’s learning in regards to these theorists who studied the effects in great detail. It will discuss the how the environments constructed by educators can impact play and the theories of learning relating to the quote “play and learning are inextricably woven together ...” Ebbeck and Waniganayake, 2010, p. 5).
Observing T over the past five weeks, and the three observations that I have documented, provided many patterns that I have noticed when it comes to T and how he interacts with not only his peers, but also the materials in the classroom. T often plays with and uses material that can essentially be open-ended and up to his interpretation. T’s play is critical in his language acquisition, with him being only two years old. “However, the knowledge that forms the foundation for reading and writing is built throughout early childhood through play, language, and literacy experiences.” (Pinell & Fountas, 2011,p.21). T’s main source of talk occurs while he is engaged in play by himself or with other children. T also chooses when to talk and when to
Play is one of the biggest roles in the development of language in all children. Play helps with learning many different important things such as shapes, colors, and even sounds. Play has the ability to remove the feeling of pressure and frustration from the communication process and also can impact many different components of language. Two components of language that play impacts during development are turn-taking and semantic features.
According to Lev Vygotsky, in the article Play: The Work of Lev Vygotsky (2017), when children partake in play they are building their language and cognitive development
Play is important in a child’s development. Play allows the child to be creative in their own way. Children engage in play activities every day. The article, Assessing and Scaffolding Make-Believe Play, discusses the value of play. Through play children are able to enhance their language development, cognitive abilities, positive social interactions, problem-solving skills and participate in imaginative play with their peers. Pretend and Make-Believe Play are great areas to observe during child’s day. As you are observing the play something’s you may notice are; the child using objects in a make believe way, creating imaginative play with their peers and is there any interactions going on between the children?
“This study was based upon the principal of reinforcement. The purpose of the study was to define observable terminal behavior, the use of descriptive adjectives during play; defining an observable terminal behavior, devising a method to record and measure important categories of spontaneous verbal behavior and manipulating the consequences of the children’s use of language, the presentation of social reinforcement and access to materials contingent upon a specific form of verbal behavior”. (Hart & Risley, 1968).
Through play they are able to learn their environment and it helps with learning. In the area of language development preschoolers are developing well as they learn more words and are very verbal. Children are more vocal about their surroundings, feelings, and other individuals. It is important to pay attention to speech during this time as most delays in language are noticed during this stage of development. “It is important to encourage talk at this time, and to seek advice from a specialist if any delays are suspected.” (Christina J. Groark, Stephanie K. McCarthy, Afton R. Kirk, 2014) Socially children are developing as they show interest in playing with other children. “Children are driven by the desire to be liked and place the utmost importance on friends.” (Christina J. Groark, Stephanie K. McCarthy, Afton R. Kirk, 2014) It is during this period they children learn how to share and respect other feelings. Children learn how to follow rules and know their boundaries during this stage of development. Each stage of development is essential in how well children are able to enjoy the exciting time of preschool.
play is an excellent opportunity for adult to scaffolding learning during play can be particularly successful because, as children‘s own purposes and needs direct play, they are more discernible to the observe and, the child is working athis highestlevel, the adult can more easily gauge whether the level of challenge is with the child’s ZPD. Duncan and Lockwood, (2008:95) role of observation during Play is an instrument to observation which creates opportunity for children to display their disposition and attitude from their innermost in which enable practitioners to observe children’s play. -Friedrich Froebel (1887) believed strongly in the importance of play, they felt that based on observations of children at play it gave teachers in sight into the children’s interests and the curriculum could be developed for those interests. (Downey and Garzoil, 2007) Fawcett,(2009:p15) explains “observation is about taking children seriously, hearing what they have to say, respecting interpretations, and value their imagination and ideas, their unexpected theories, their exploration of feeling sound viewpoints.’’ And also Duncan and Lockwood, (2008) argued that `observation is not just looking; it also involves listening and note- taking in an objective manner’. Further explain we can observe play either formally or informally’: a child who feels emotionally uncomfortable in class or who is unhappy willfind it difficult to take up an activity, and even more so, to become involved in
Dramatic play permits children to fit the reality of the world into their own interests and knowledge. One of the purest forms of symbolic thought available to young children, dramatic play, contributes strongly to the intellectual development of children. Young children learn by imagining and doing and dramatic play allows them to do so. Dramatic play also promotes the use of speaking and listening skills. When children take part in this type of play, they practice words they have heard others say, and realize that they must listen to what other “players” say in order to be able to respond in an appropriate fashion. This style of play also promotes the development of social skills through interaction with others, peers or adults, which is a necessary factor in a child’s future.
According to Lev Vygotsky, play is essential part of both language development and a child’s understanding of the external world. Children at play make sense through a process of inner speech. This is what Alonte’ showed when talking out loud to himself in his play. This shows that he is able to use his imagination a relate what he explores through his play.
As I observed Olivia, a typically developing 5 year old girl, I referred to the Symbolic Play Scale Check List (Westby, 1980). This check list helped me to recognize the different stages of appropriate language development during play for her age group. The list is based on play and
Reading this article, I tried to imagine myself in the place of each of the participants of the dialogue. As a teacher, I was thinking how to explain to a parent the benefits of play
When we teach children the language to use in order to either invite other children into their play or to enter into other children’s play, we often make the assumption that by knowing the right words to say, children should be able to initiate play. But to successfully get others to play requires the abilities to share ideas, negotiate, compromise, and to move on when told, “I don’t want to play with you right now.” Some children need direct teaching of these skills, while others may need reminder activities. For those children who appear to be competent in initiating play, these activities will