Gas Turbines' Sensitivity to Critical Speeds

Generating power with gas (as an alternative to coal) and increasing the use of renewable energy sources also seem like very suitable options [9]. Additionally, power generation with the use of wind and tidal energy proves a very convenient alternative to nuclear power generation in London and the UK in general. These sources can deliver twice the amount of electricity as new-age nuclear reactors and would require less time to be implemented, thus the convenience [12].

Our society today is ever more dependent upon electricity in all aspects of life. Keeping the power infrastructure throughout the United States secure and functioning properly should be considered a high priority for both private sector and government. Lacking properly functioning power caused by an outage has widespread impact not just on common conveniences being unavailable but also on critical areas such as emergency services, transportation, water distribution, communication and food production and storage.

There is a coupling effect between the two systems when the Brayton cycle is operated at part load. The coupling occurs due to two constraints; helium must be cooled to its design point temperature after passing through the heat exchanger and the temperature of steam entering the turbine must be maintained at its design point temperature. The solver calculates the new mass flow rate of water required to cool the helium. The change in mass flow rate of steam due to the reduction of Brayton cycle mass flow rate causes a change in the Rankine cycle power output.

A power system is always in a state of disturbance that may lead to instability in the system. The consequences of a major power supply interruption can prove to be so disastrous, that every effort must be made to reduce the impact of such a disturbance. The process of determining the steadiness of the power system following any upset is known as security assessment. In particular, MW security assessment is a process to evaluate the security of the power system following a disturbance. It is done considering the loading conditions in respect of MW power flow on the lines. Each line has a capacity to carry MW power up to transmission line design limits beyond which the lines may trip due to overloading. In this paper MW security assessment has

Turbine-governor model GAST is an obsolete model that should not be used in interconnection-wide dynamics cases. The GAST model is “really only applicable for GE Frame 5 machines” .

The DVR is one of the most common and effective solutions for protecting critical load against voltage sags [10] [11]. The DVR is a power electronic device used to inject three-phase voltages in series and in synchronism with the distribution feeder voltages in order to compensate for voltage sags. Moreover, it can be efficiently used to augment the fault ride through capability in wind applications. Detection time is an important factor in the voltage restitution process. Fast detection

Due to their low overall thermal efficiencies, gas turbines initially had limited uses. As time has passed, many renovations have been implemented to the gas turbine cycle to make it more efficient. Some modifications include: increasing the turbine inlet temperatures, increasing the efficiencies of turbo machinery components, and adding modifications to the basic cycle. In contrast to the ideal cycle, the actual cycle undergoes unavoidable pressure drops during the heat addition and heat rejection processes. In addition, the actual work input to the compressor is always more than the output and the actual work output of the turbine is less than the work input due to irreversibility. These relationships are displayed in the figures below:

Turbofan engines are the family of jet engines being majorly employed on commercial aircrafts these days. There are several reasons for this. This project aims at critical understanding of Turbofan by adopting research methodology which also includes learning its limitations and suggesting new ways to overcome the same.

Now a days in all over the world majority of electricity is generated in coal-fired thermal plants, in which the coal is used for burned to boil water and the steam produced is expanded through a turbine, which turns a generator [2]. And at the same time low pressure steam exit at the end of the turbine and it is condensed by the condenser and returned to the boiler.

Key Words: Simplified Approach, Modification Factor, Peak Dynamic Response (PDR), Power Spectral Density Analysis, and Buffeting Wind Loading

Hydraulic turbine is a widely used governing system in hydroelectric plants. It can constantly adjust the active power output of hydroelectric generating set to guarantee the safe operation of power generation according to different system requirements. The control for hydraulic turbine plays a key role to retain the stability of the electric power system. Other than the early research on the linear model of hydraulic turbine, the nonlinear model–based studies are exploited actively in decades.

In order for these turbine's to operate well and efficiently with as little maintenance as possible, it is necessary for the turbine's to have well-constructed, well designed turbine blades. They have to have certain properties that enable them to withstand high

Reactive power in a power system is important to maintain or support the voltage to deliver the active power demanded by the load side. Synchronous generators are the main source of reactive power in most of the power plants. The reactive power capability of the generator is the amount of the reactive support produced at the rated generator terminals. The capability of these generators are represented by capability curves that are published by the manufacturer based solely on the thermal limitations as shown in figure-1. But in the real world, when the generator is employed in a power plant, its reactive capability is much less compared to that of published generator capability due to several design and operating constraints of the plant. This forms the basis to determine the reactive capability of the generator operating in the power plant.

The prolonged and frequent load shedding by the KESC has become a major threat to trade and industrial activities of Karachi and urgent steps are required to cope with this menace. The utility service providers power distribution and generation services have deteriorated, sharply, nowadays and Karachi is being plunged into darkness after every one-hour interval (PPI, 2009). The Karachi Electric Supply Company (KESC) has been accused of increasing sufferings of patients at different hospitals of Karachi by carrying out massive load shedding for several hours despite arrival of summer season. PPI learnt on Wednesday that due to load-shedding, power generators are run from morning to noon and are switched off afternoon, causing torments to the patients (PPI, 2009), health centers and seminaries were facing serious problems due to prolonged load shedding. Despite the tall claims by the authorities of WAPDA and KESC, Karachiites were facing 12 to 14-hours daily

The objective of this study is to conduct an internet search and report on the steam turbine system.