Gastroenteritis : Causes And Effects

The primary problem is the patient is having severe dehydration due to excessively having loose liquidly stools for the past two days caused by C. Diff.

It has been identified the highest numbered of reported cases were in infants and children up to 14 years of age5. The most common of all disease was campylobacteriosis which was approximately 69% of cases being reported, followed by cryptosporidiosis which was approximately 115 of cases being reported, salmonellosis which was approximately 8% of cases, and verotoxin producing E. coli which was about 5% of the cases

The second most likely diagnosis is dehydration. According to Arant and Canavan (2009), the diagnosis can be determined by if there has been vomiting, diarrhea, or decreased oral intake. The patient has had decreased tear production, a capillary refill time of more than two seconds, and decreased skin turgor (Arant & Canavan, 2009). All of this points to dehydration.

To begin, there would be several different ways to diagnosis acute gastroenteritis. Aftab and Churgay (2012) discuss how they would define diarrhea as having three or more water or loose stools in a 24-hour period, which is seen in this patient. Then the diarrhea would be noninflammatory due to it not having any blood or mucus in it along with having no fever present. Aftab and Churgay (2012) would include history such as “how often the child is urinating and having bowel movements, whether vomiting is interfering with the child's ability to keep down fluids and solid food, the duration of illness, the nature of the stools (e.g., whether

The majority of the symptoms are straightforward, including weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting, but to Andrew, having loose stools up to eight times a day gives him the most heartache. On rare occasions, the diseases progresses to a point where rectal bleeding, skin lesions, and joint pain may begin to appear more consistently (NIH, 2014). The part that many patients suffer with, however, are the indirect consequences of Crohn’s, with Brockmeier stating that “I am never able to fully get the recommended amount of nutrients on a daily basis.” As a result of constant bloody stools and intestinal swelling, Brockmeier has an insufficient amount of red blood cells, a condition known as anemia. Perhaps the worst news available is that due to the fact that the cause is a mystery, there are no reliable prevention methods available to avert Crohn’s disease and its subsequent illnesses. Despite this, however, there are many home treatments that can aid with the severity of the condition and help lower the risk of relapse. Things as simple as centering one’s diet around whole plant foods and taking multivitamins could help prevent relapse of Crohn’s disease through the benefits of fiber and nutrients (Duricova, 2010). People can also

Dehydration can be detected by seeing symptoms such as dry mouth, low output of urine, and a decreased state of awareness. To prevent dehydration it is recommended to drink as much fluids to replace the fluid being lost through vomiting and diarrhea. Signs and symptoms of norovirus can also not be present in up to 50% of all cases as stated by the CDC; it is not confirmed if people who are asymptomatic are infectious or

Sammy noticed he was running intermittent low-grade fevers with intermittent diarrhea and nausea. He has been discarding his lunches and drinks at school. He

The development of IBD is very rare in infancy. Inflammatory bowel disease includes, Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD manifests during childhood or adolescence in up to 25 percent of patients, however, a small percentage of children may present with IBD in infancy. A published data from epidemiological studies and IBD registries in North America and Europe showed that less than one percent of children with IBD present during the first twelve months of life. Even though the numbers are small, Crohn’s disease is more prevalent than ulcerative colitis in these and other studies. It is also common among infants initially diagnosed as ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis to have their diagnosis changed to CD during subsequent follow up. IBD with onset in this age group is likely a heterogeneous group of disorders, and has variability in the clinical presentation and prognosis (Kappelman & Grand,

Crohn’s disease (CD) involves the entire alimentary tract and is characterized by focal exacerbations, with intermittent activity throughout the patient’s life. The etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD) remains largely unexplained, but there have been major advances in recent years concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying intestinal inflammation. There is a multifactorial character of the disease, in which a genetic predisposition, the external environment, intestinal microbial flora, and the immune system are all involved. Systemic symptoms include unexplained fever, weight loss, and extraintestinal symptoms such as arthralgias and perianal abscess. Delays by the patient in seeking medical help and by the physician to identify the disease

The gastrointestinal tract is home to up 1,000 species of microorganisms! Most of these organisms are harmless and even aid the body in normal circumstances, but when the balances of these organisms become upset the once harmless bacteria can grow ramped and make you sick. Ratini (2015) states that one of the worst attackers is a bacterium called Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) . As this bacterium grows out of control, it releases toxins that attack the lining of the intestines, which causes a condition called Clostridium difficile colitis. Although this bacterium is more rare than other intestinal bacteria, C. difficile is one of the most popular causes of infectious diarrhea in the U.S. C. difficile infection can range from causing minor discomfort to life-threatening. Ratini (2015) also says some symptoms of mild cases include watery diarrhea; three or more times a day for several days, with abdominal pain or tenderness. In more severe cases, C. difficile infection symptoms include watery diarrhea, up to 15 times a day, severe abdominal pain, loss of appetite, fever, blood in stool, and weight loss. In some rare cases, C. difficile leads to a hole in the intestines, which can be fatal if it is not treated. C. difficile can be diagnosed by analyzing stool in the specimens tested for the toxins. Ratini (2015) says that in rare cases, a colonoscopy may be required to ensure that one is actually suffering from C. difficile infection.

Reye Syndrome (RS), a disease resulting in encephalopathy, fatty degeneration of the liver, persistent vomiting, combativeness, and potentially death has become a topic of concern for public health officials. RS occurs among children, 18 years and younger, who have experienced a viral disease, such as influenza or varicella, and consumed aspirin or salicylates. Once the onset of RS occurs, the disease has the potential to progress rapidly to a deep coma, and even death. According to various studies, RS has a mortality rate in the United States of 20-40%. Numerous studies have been conducted, as the cause of RS was unknown. Literature from various researchers demonstrated an association between outbreaks of varicella,

Signs and Symptoms- Typical presentation is onset of initially nonbloody, always nonbilious vomiting at 4-8 weeks of age. Although vomiting may initially be infrequent, over several days it becomes more predictable, occurring at nearly every feeding. Vomiting intensity also increases until pathognomonic projectile vomiting ensues. Slight hematemesis of either bright-red flecks or a coffee-ground appearance is sometimes observed. Patients are usually not ill-looking or febrile; the baby in the early stage of

Diarrhea Everybody once in a while has diarrhea — free, watery and potentially more-visit solid discharges (Diarrhea). Much of the time, loose bowels endure two or three days. Yet, when looseness of the bowels goes on for quite a long time, it can show a genuine issue, for example, a persevering contamination, fiery inside ailment, or a less genuine condition, for example, peevish entrails

Noroviruses (NoV) are important human pathogens and a major public health threat. Noroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans (1-4). Noroviruses have been referred to as ‘cruise ship viruses’ from well-publicized cruise ship outbreaks although these outbreaks account for less than 1% of all outbreaks worldwide (5). The symptoms and illness associated with Norovirus infections is often referred to as ‘stomach flu’, despite little resemblance to the influenza virus. Noroviruses are responsible for 21 million infections and over 70,000 hospitalizations annually in the USA, and account for 10-15% of severe cases of gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years old (6). In

The disease, cholera, is an infection of the intestines, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. As stated in Microbes and Infections of the Gut, the bacterium is “a Gram-negative, comma- shaped, highly motile organism with a single terminal flagellum” (105). Cholera is characterized by the most significant symptom that presents with the disease, diarrhea, and victims can lose up to twenty liters of body fluids in a day. Cholera can be a serious disease, due to the serious dehydration that can occur, but it is only fatal if treatment is not administered as soon as possible. This research paper includes information on the causes of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the