Gastrointestinal Tumors Research Paper

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States.4 According to the American Cancer Society, it starts with a growth of adenomatous polps on the inner lining of the colon or rectums and the growth happens over the course of several years to become cancer.5 Genetic factors that increase the risk for colorectal cancer are well established such as family history, ethnicity, and age. Pt is an African American female, and the incidence of colorectal cancer for African Americans remains higher than for other ethnic and racial groups.4 Another risk factor is increasing in age, especially in the sixth and seventh decades, and Pt is 71 years old. However, there is a major debate regarding if there is evidence that specific nutrients play a role in the risk of colorectal cancer. The American Institute for Cancer Research found that red meat, processed meat alcoholic drinks, body fatness, and abdominal fatness, and adult attained height were associated with an increased risk.4 It has also been found that calcium, dietary fiber, garlic, vitamin D, lycopene, and folic acid are associated with a decreased risk.4

Mr BW was a 74-year-old man who had a fall due to a new onset of seizures, which resulted, to a direct impact of his head on the ground while at home. While at the hospital, MR BW underwent a CT and MRI brain scan and showed a haematoma, which resulted to commencing of the patient on Keppra and Bezodiapenes. Moreover, Mr BW also developed a sudden onset of pleuretic chest pain, which was confirmed by CTPA as a small pleural effusion on the left lungs; while there was also pulmonary embolism on both upper and lower lobes of the left lung. Due to the development of a provoked pulmonary embolism, patient commenced on Clexane injection. In September 2015, an elective open abdominoperineal resection was performed on Mr BW, which resulted to prolonged stay in the hospital due to delayed wound healing.

All living things are made up of cells yet, these "building blocks of life" are too minute to be seen by the naked human eye. How is it then that something so small can have such a huge impact on one’s life? Our genes undergo certain mutations that may evoke diseases or abnormalities in our bodies such as; mucinous carcinoma of the breast. However, as science progresses and new treatments are found, the cure for cancer and other mutations is within reach. Although mucinous carcinoma of the breast may pose as an unpredictable malady, it is a very rare cancer, has multiple treatment options, and puts a new perspective on life for the people that have it and their loved ones.

One of the leading causes of death in the world is cancer. There are various types of cancers but the one that will be discussed is gastric cancer, also referred to as stomach cancer. Gastric cancer is difficult to diagnose at an early stage due to the fact that the symptoms of the disease are quite similar to the symptoms of every day stomach issues such as indigestion, loss of appetite, and heart burn, just to name a few (Gastric Cancer Treatment 2015). In most cases, the cancer is not discovered until it is in a more advanced stage and as a result oncologists find it extremely difficult to cure it. Gastric cancer is a complex disease that is categorized in four different stages and that have many different treatments for it.

Colon cancer is considered as the second killer cancer in United States and Western Europe (1). Moreover, in the U.S it is the third common cancer ,and the risk is about 6 percent(1).It mostly affects elderly men and women, and the risk to the people who are African-Americans higher (1). Moreover, a personal history or family history makes the risk greater and the lifestyle effects too (1). For example, if the person overweight or suffers from obesity, that makes him under the risk. However, what is the Colon cancer?, and why is it a deadly disease ?.This will present in this essay based on a definition of colon cancer and its symptoms, screening, treatment.

Stomach Cancer is cancer of the stomach which is also known as Gastric Cancer. It is a disease where malignant cells arise from the lining of the stomach which could eventually grow into a tumor found in the upper part of the abdomen and just below the ribs. Since the stomach is a part of the body’s digestive system, it produces acids and enzymes that break down food before passing through the small intestine which can cause the cancer to develop in any part of the stomach and spreads up towards the esophagus. The cancer happens over a period of a few years of bad acids being ate or inhaled which causes inflammation in your gut called gastritis, long-lasting anemia that continues to grow in the stomach that can also put you at a higher risk to get cancer. Although, not knowing exactly what makes stomach cancer cells, smoking, being overweight, exposure to coal, metal, timber industries all put you at a higher risk of receiving the cancer.

A brain tumor is an abnormal development of tissue in the brain or central spine, which is accountable for appropriate brain functionality. Brain and spinal cord tumors are atypical growths of tissue found inside the skull or the bony spinal column, which are the chief constituents of the central nervous system (CNS). Benign tumors are noncancerous and malignant tumors are cancerous. The central nervous system (CNS) is accommodated within rigid, bony quarters (i.e., the skull and spinal column), so any uncharacteristic growth, whether benign or malignant, can place burden on sensitive tissues and damage function. Tumors that instigate in the brain or spinal cord are called primary tumors.

A solid tumor is an abnormal localized multi-dimensional mass of tissue that occurs at a specific site in a solid organ such as the breast, the lung and the colon and which does not contain liquid areas [8]. Solid tumors represent the majority of human cancers [9]. Unlike Hematological diseases such as Leukemia, Basic and Clinical Researches on solid tumors are less common due to the fact that solid tumors are less sensitive to Cancer therapy than hematological malignancies [10]. Also, cells within a solid tumor do not respond equally to cancer therapy; this is due to the heterogeneity in the blood vessel distribution within a tumor and also to the difference in the proliferation rate; in fact, a solid tumor is composed of both proliferating

Liver tumors are abnormal growths in the liver. There are two types mainly, malignant and benign. Most common type of benign tumor is hemangioma. It is a congenital vascular growth. Hepatic adenoma is another type of benign liver tumor that is most commonly seen in females on oral contraceptive pills and others on steroids.It may present with symptoms as spontaneous hemorrhage. Most common malignant tumor of liver is primary liver cancer in china.Hyperplasia is essentially an abnormal vascular growth in the liver vasculature.

When the doctor says to the patient that he has a tumor the first question comes to his mind if it is malignant or benign, but there is an important information that people do not know. Malignant and benign tumors have similar characteristics. First of all, a benign tumor can become a huge mass. Similarly, a malignant tumor has different sizes. For example, since scientists discovered the disease until these days they have been removed billions of masses weighing over a hundred pounds of malignant and benign tumors. In 2012, a Vietnamese man underwent a 12-hour operation to remove a 200-pound tumor from his leg. Nevertheless, it depends on how fast the cells are separating. Like the malignant tumor, benign tumor can be treated. For instance,

Colon cancer, also known as Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon, which is the final part of your digestive system. Most of these cases begin as adenomatous polyps, which are small benign (noncancerous) cell clumps, but overtime these polyps can become cancerous.

In most cases of colon cancer begin a small tumor from non-tumor (benign), called Noah Water Police (adenomatous Polyps). Time Police tumors (Polyps) these will become a colorectal cancer tumors. Tumor is relatively small and can mild symptoms. For this reason, and to provide recommendations to doctors to do a colonoscopy to find tumors police on a regular basis to help prevent colon cancer tumor police before it becomes cancerous tumors in the colon.

Colon cancer is cancer in your large intestines. Colon cancer usually starts with polyps, which are small benign groups of cells. Over time the polyps may become malignant. Some symptoms of colon cancer are bloody stools, changes in bowel habits, and a feeling that your bowel does not feel completely empty. There are no clear causes of colon cancer, but we do know that it happens when healthy cells in the colon develop errors in their DNA. A cell becomes cancerous when the DNA is damaged. Some people may inherit genes that can create a larger risk of colon cancer. It has also been shown that people with diets of high in fiber and low in fat have a significantly greater risk of getting colon cancer. If the cancer is found in early-stage, then

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the main world-wide health problems, which is the third most common cancer in man, the second most common cancer in women worldwide [1]. CRC also shows high mortality, it is the 4th most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and the 2nd most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States [2, 3]. CRC is recognized as a heterogeneous disease that characterized by various abnormal genetic and epigenetic alterations in several signaling pathways are responsible for carcinogenesis and all features of CRC [4, 5]. One of these major molecular pathways that have been implicated in colon carcinogenesis is NF-κB signaling pathway [6].

CASE DISCUSSION:Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) belongs to the family of ‘‘small round blue cell tumours’’, which include DSRCT,Wilms’ tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, , primitive neuroectodermal tumour, ,neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma ,small cell osteosarcoma, poorly differentiated synovial cell sarcoma and lymphomas which are characterised by sheets of small cells round nuclei. The primary tumour typically arises in the peritoneal cavity of the pelvis, although DSRCT arising from brain, lung, pleura, stomach, pancreas, ovary, paranasal sinuses and scrotum has been described.[5]It is a very aggressive neoplasm with mean age of survival of 23 months.[6] CT frequently shows multiple bulky, lobulated, heterogeneous,and peritoneal soft-tissue masses with a predilection for spread to distant organs without obvious primary organinvolvement. On histology these tumors show sharply demarcated,angulated, cohesive nests of uniform tumor cells with round to oval nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm; surrounded by abundant fibrous stroma. DSRCT immunohistochemistry shows