Gender And Pareidolia Research

A meta-analysis conducted by (meta-analysis is the statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies. When the treatment effect, or effect size, is consistent from one study to the next, meta-analysis can be used to identify this common effect, according to www.Meta-Analysis.com) Peter N. Shapiro & Steven Penrod (professors at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice), established that females may be more likely to make accurate identifications than males. Males and females may take an interest in different aspects of a scene and thereby remember somewhat different details (Meta).

As predicted this study did replicate some previous findings. However, based on the data from this experiment sex differences did not yield a significant difference in reaction times when presented with the different stimuli.

For the purpose of this paper, I will only focus on three hypotheses and three specific elements of the research. First, given that boys are more likely to play video games more often and engage in more psychical activity they should be more adapt to remembering pictures presented dynamically then statically; opposed to girls who were expected to remember pictures that were presented statically. Next, congruent with the gender schema theory, the researcher hypothesized that both males and females are more likely to remember and be able to recall stimuli that is related to one’s sex and have a hard time processing and recalling stimuli counter stereotypical to one’s sex. Lastly, gender-stereotypical stimuli are predicted to be recalled better under intentional conditions rather than incidental. For this research, nearly 160 children and adolescents were presented with 36 gender stereotypical toy photographs that is, they were highly classified as being masculine, feminine, or neutral. In addition, each was categorized based on its function. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups; the incidental memory condition and the intentional memory condition. Half of the participants were first presented with 36 static pictures (SOM) and the other half presented with 36 dynamic pictures (DOM). The participants in the SOM were presented with photographs appearing in the center of the screen for nearly 5 seconds and were

One room has pretty pink wallpaper with a princess border; the other is blue with monster trucks on one-wall and sports pictures on another. It is not hard to tell which room is female and which room is male. Male and female are used in this instance to define genders. Gender, unlike sex, is a universal guideline upon which individuals are placed. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behavior, and activities that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women. When the pressure of gender stereotypes is open to debate some say there are prenatal influences that are gender based. What is obvious is that gender plays a significant

Gender Dysphoria is a disease in which the affected individual suffers from a different gender identity than from the one they were assigned at birth. An example of someone famous who is afflicted with this disease would by Caitlyn Jenner. Jenner is most popularly known as the father of the Kardashians and an as Olympian. He was born as Bruce Jenner and in 2015, he decided to change his gender. This is only one of the many examples of people who suffer from this disease every year.

When becoming acquainted with an individual for the first time, a decision on the person’s gender is made. Various physical features are sexually dimorphic in individuals. Males are depicted as more muscular, taller, heavier, greater distribution of hair while females tend to be smaller in muscle and have more curvature in their bodies. Bruce and Burton (1993) found that hair length and clothing are most common indications reported amongst adults and children. The issue with these ‘superficial’ cues is that they can easily be manipulated and changed with little effort. Hair length can be short or long on males and females as well as having similar clothing types. However with the absence of these cues presented to participants on photographs,

When we took the facial recognition test and the visual-spatial test I scored a 53, for the facial recognition and average for the visual-spatial test. My scores almost matched the theories about the male and female brain differences. On average it is

An area of the brain that is generally larger in males than females illustrates this point. “Scientists working at Johns Hopkins University, recently reporting in the ‘Cerebral Cortex’ scholarly journal, have discovered that there is a brain region in the cortex, called inferior-parietal lobule (IPL)” (Renato M.E. Sabbatini, PHD). Essentially:

Elkind focused on whether the children looked at the parts of the picture, or the picture as a whole. He used two sets of ambiguous pictures and asked the participants to tell him what they saw. Each child had a certain amount of time to respond to each picture shown. I was curious if there was a significant difference in gender for this study. I also wanted to know how he recorded the answers the children gave for the pictures. Elkind did not include gender differences in the results of his study. If the child answered correctly to the figure the child was given a point. If the child looked at the parts of the picture, and answered correctly to the figure the child was given ½

According to Jason Pawlak and Dr. Cox, they've tested girls and boys. They thought that using the medium was the best way to find the value for male and female reaction times, but thought that the experiment tends to suggest that there is no difference between male and female reaction time. We thought that was incorrect since the sequence of the brain activation is different depending on the reaction time tests given, and that there could be more to it. We thought we just needed a stimuli that could trigger a reaction quickly to see the reaction time differences between the two

The goal of any good psychology class is to leave students with a better understanding of themselves and others. Psychology of gender is a special topic to most because it is a class based entirely on how we as living social creatures operate, elude ourselves to others, and it delves deep into the underling themes of why and how people naturally form and judge other’s identities. A judgement that is often harsh when people go out of the heteronormative scope of our western society that often leaves negative marks on how someone is able to operate freely within their gender (Purdie-Vaughns & Elbach 2008). One major take home point from a class such as this is that gender cannot be looked at on a sexual binary scale because gender is a lucid

Gender is known to be one of many variables, which has been discovered to influence cognitive performance. Cognitive gender differences are defined as average differences in performance between females and males on tests of academic achievement and cognitive abilities (Miller & Halpern, 2014). Additionally, different cognitive tasks are recognised to favour different gender. While males typically outperform females on tasks dealing with mathematical ability, spatial navigation and mental rotation, females tend to outperform males on tasks dealing with verbal production, memory and perceptual speed. Spatial tasks such as mental rotation tasks, however, show the largest sex

Female gender may have an advantage in recognition. Females have shown to have better facial recognition for female faces (Herlitz & Lovén, 2013; Lewin & Herlitz, 2002). There have been many theories as to why females show an increased ability for facial recognition, often attributing it to interpersonal or emotional recognition. These factors may not transfer to photos used for passport identification. Ryan and Gauthier (2016) explain the effect of gender with girls experience playing with Barbie dolls, which increases their familiarity for recognizing faces. Barbie is a female doll that many girls play within early childhood. With female dolls and female nurturing adults, girls may have more exposure than boys in some areas. Exposure to more female faces over the first few years of development may also increase female’s ability to recognize the same gender, where this experience may nullify same gender bias in males. Due to repeated female interaction by mothers and often female elementary teachers, this can strengthen a preference for female faces in girls (Herlitz & Lovén, 2013). Everyday experience may play a role in facial recognition. In the everyday experience, looking at one’s own reflection in a mirror has shown a straight on view bias (Hyo Woon & Kircher, 2005). Females may have an advantage from applying make-up or just in the amount of time they may spend in front of a mirror. The angle of view may also have an impact on recognition and identification. Females exhibit an advantage for recognition, this may not be the case with

Based on the research presented in the aforementioned study, the null hypothesis was that women would perform better than men on the facial recognition tasks.

In a research on sexual dimorphism, respondents were asked to determine whether the person on an image is male or female. In reality, the same face was presented twice to the participants, changing only the contrast in the image. The results are no surprise, however. The image with greater contrast was considered more feminine.