Gender Differences Between Men And Women

In another study, Langlois and Roggaman (1990) took photos of faces and morphed them together to produce composite images made up of 4, 8, 16 or 32 images. Participants rated faces as increasingly attractive the more faces that went into each image; this applied to both male and female faces. The more faces in an image, the more symmetrical they become, it seems that moving a facial image closer to the average increases its perceived attractiveness. It is likely that symmetry equates to fitness and “good genes”, these people are less likely to have been affected by harmful mutation. People with attractive faces are preferred because of the benefits of passing on these attractive characteristics to offspring. Little & Hancock propose that humans have evolved to be attracted to symmetrical faces because they indicate “averageness”, which equates to genetic health. Grammar and Thornhill (1994) found that females are attracted to males with masculine characteristics, for example: large jaw and prominent cheekbones. These features arise as a result of testosterone, which is also a handicap because it suppresses the immune system. Therefore, showing only “healthy” individuals can afford to produce these traits- advertising a strong immune system. Cartwright (2000) supported this, finding men prefer photographs of women with symmetrical faces and vice versa.

Gender differences have often been argued to be a result of either natural, biological differences or due to socialized differences. Although there are strong arguments for and against both sides, they each have their merits for viewing gender differentiation. The way in which biology or socialization affects an individual’s gender can be analyzed through sociological study. Kimmel and Holler examine both sides of this argument to analyze how individuals become gendered by different biological and social factors.

Within the past decade we have witnessed a series of new developments and an enormously growing interest in the understanding of human behaviour, especially when it comes to the basic principles of human mate choice. Mate preference is something which is often considered a very individual choice and appears to be influenced by cultural and economic norms. However, on the basis of numerous research works, it is a today’s acceptation that attractiveness represents a signal resulting from sexual selection. Although we have different preference for facial expression, body shape or height, recent findings suggest that mate preferences are mainly cued on

Men are often harshly labeled as purely physical beings that are interested primarily in the physical aspects of women but in all actuality studies have shown that males are attracted a number of nonphysical attributes (Kniffen & Wilson, 2004). Such studies indicate that male’s are attracted to women who are extraverted (Swami, Greven, & Furnham, 2007), honest (Paunonen, 2006) and provocative (Hill, Nocks, & Gardner, 1986). It has also been suggested that as males age women in general become more attractive (Gladue & Delany, 1990). Multiple studies have been conducted that reveal males are influenced by similar physical features as females. Past research indicates that the majority of heterosexual men are strongly attracted to females who are highly feminine with symmetrical facial features (Weeden & Sabini, 2005), low waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index (Gangestad & Scheyd, 2005). From an evolutionary standpoint such factors are a predictor of good health and fertility as well as aid in child birth (Gangestad & Scheyd, 2005). The past research provides understanding of what factors increase attraction between males and females but are there other outside factors that could influence attraction?

Beauty is truly in the eye of the beholder, and sadly the beholder’s eye is usually warped by what society generally deems to be beautiful. In today’s society, things such as youth and slenderness are often deemed to be conventionally beautiful. One could also argue that fair or light skin are often deemed as being more beautiful than that which is not. While being deemed attractive rather than beautiful, one thing that society tends to promote when paired with two or more of the above traits is also a sexual manner of

Men and women are sexually dimorphic: they possess characteristics that differ on average for males and females of a given species. These attributes can be physical, but are also seen in behaviour. This is also known as a sex difference. Given that differences in behaviour between the sexes have long been the subject of social discourse , it is paramount to examine to what extent these differences are dependent on society, or whether they have a basis in biology. Here, it is beneficial to observe the behaviour of children, instead of relying on self-reporting- this provides empirical evidence for a sex difference. They will not have been exposed to as many potentially gender-shaping stimuli as adults have, and so their observation can provide more accurate results when examining phenomena that cannot normally be seen. Therefore, it is also of particular use to investigate why some children show more gender-typical behaviour than others. As all behaviour is controlled by the brain, the terms “sex” and “gender” will be used interchangeably, despite some convictions that the term “gender” has more social connotations than the term “sex”.1

It is stated in chapter 6, “Although it is not uncommon to hear people muse about inner beauty being the only thing that really counts, research suggests that outer beauty, our physical attractiveness, plays an influential role in determining responses for a broad range of interpersonal encounters.” Some of these physical aspect that affect our emotions are physical attractiveness, scent, facial features, and clothing. These are mainly self explanatory, but one can see how these could play a role in how we feel. Physical attractiveness is how attractive we are physically, particularly the body. Facial Features are the features of a face. How does a face look, does it have small eyes or big eyes? Does it have a big nose or small nose? Things along the lines of this. One particular issue with these, is that they are not always easy to change like clothing and scent. It was stated in the reading, that “Two physical features of men preferred by women for short-term or casual sexual relationships were features of masculinity in the face—thicker eyebrows, smaller eyes, thinner lips, and a squarer jaw, as in Figure 6-1—and a high shoulder-to-waist ratio” (Knapp, Hall, & Horgan, 2014, p. 158). It was also found that for women, the waist-to-hip ratio plays a significant role in attractiveness, “The waist-to-hip ratio of women plays an important role in men’s judgments of women’s physical attractiveness” (Knapp,

Physical attractiveness plays an influential role in determining communication behavior. Evidence from our culture supports that initially we respond much more favorable to those we perceive more physically attractive than those we see as less attractive. Studies have shown that physical attractive people are perceived to exceed unattractive people on socially desirable evaluation such as personality, success, sexuality, popularity and happiness.

Currently, three theories remain as explanations for why men and women have such different preferences in mate selections; evolutionary theory, social role theory, and social construction theory. The evolutionary theory argues that men and women search for mates who will improve the survival of their genes. Research conducted by Becker et al (2005) shows that men are better able to recall attractive female faces in comparison to unattractive faces and that there is no apparent difference in the ability of women to recall males faces (Helgeson, 2012).

The factor of physical attractiveness was particularly significant with a correlation of .09 for mating relationships (______, ___________). Research also shows that males place more importance or emphasis on physical characteristics when it comes to choosing a mate, compared to females who prioritize factors such as ambition and earning power, which are linked to abilities to provide. In particular, males highly value the physical characteristics of youth, __________, small waist-hip ratio, etc. All these characteristics indicate better fertility, _________, for example, smaller waist-hip ratios indicate __________ (_______, _______). These findings can be substantiated by the evolutionary perspective. Evolutionarily, males needed to ensure sustenance of the human species through procreation, which was of high importance and value to them, while females sought to find mates offering protection and resources necessary to help themselves and the children they bore (________, ________). Physical qualities such as ________ and _______ were indicators of women who had better fertility, etc. and hence made them more attractive as potential mates for

This study explores the reasons and origins behind nonverbal indicators in respect to male and female physical attraction. In addition to myself, a male and female subject were interviewed to see what nonverbal indicators we found to be attractive in men and women as well as what we thought the opposite sex found to be attractive in both sexes. Results suggested that despite social and cultural influences on physical attractiveness, both men and women primarily take a bio-evolutionary approach when looking for nonverbal indicators. Both subjects looked for nonverbal indicators that promote fertility in women and nonverbal indicators that promote the ability to

Biologists believed that facial symmetry should be attractive because it may signal mate quality. Rhodes, Proffit, Grady and Sumich (1998) manipulated the symmetry to figure out the effect on attractiveness. 4 versions of a picture were created. One was perfectly symmetric, the others were a highly symmetric version, normal level of symmetry and a low symmetric version.64 subjects rated these faces. The results clearly stated that perfect symmetry was significantly more attractive and low symmetry faces were unattractive, more over the males found the perfect symmetric faces more appealing as potential life partners, so facial symmetry does play a role in mate selection. In the second experiment the authors compared the attractiveness of faces at three symmetry levels. These were normal, high and perfect. The subjects were shown two versions of the same face at different

This integrative review explores the difference of the onset-to-hospital arrival time between females and males with acute strokes. The results demonstrate that the means and medians of the hospital arrival times among female patients seem to have more delay than male patients, particularly in the Asian-Pacific region. However, the various evidences show that gender difference is not statistically significant.

Those who are considered physically attractive by societal norms are often stereotyped as highly intelligent individuals who have positive characteristics. However, those who are considered unattractive are often stereotyped as unintelligent disagreeable individuals.

Differences between male and female have long been recognized and investigated to serve as a mean to distinguish between the two sexes. Although the disparities is undeniable, factors that cause these differences are still a controversial topic as to whether they are caused by biologically or because of the social perception placed on the two genders. In this paper, I will try to analyze the differences between male and female in: physical strength, cognitive ability, communication and mating and suggest some daily and administrative application of these dissimilarities.