Gender Differences For Health And Quality Of Life Outcome

The risk of angina pectoris decreased with increasing levels of emotional support in a study of male Israeli civil servants.

Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005). STRESS AND HEALTH: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1,

Currently, Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States (Haskell et al., 2014). In the 2016 Update of the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics report from the American Heart Association, women, in general, have a 32% prevalence rate for LDL issues vs. 31% for men. Likewise, in older women vs older men, the prevalence for hypertension rates for women were 57% vs. 54% in men (Mozaffarian et al., 2016). Within the VA, there is an even bigger gap for management of LDL’s and heart disease. 79.47% of women vs. 88.89% of men have LDL levels within the normal limits. Similarly, 79.34% of women vs. 85.67% of men with diabetes had an LDL within normal limits (Whitehead et al., 2014). Both high LDL and hypertension are proven risk factors for heart disease and stroke. When paired with diabetes, risk of peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and irregular heartbeat can also be factors (Mozaffarian et al., 2016).

In addition, the researchers conducted a chart review of each participant 's medical record. In this study the results showed that “compared with men, women used more evasive and supportive coping and rated psychologic aspects of the heart disease as more problematic to manage. More women perceived available support from friends and grandchildren, and more men perceived available support from their partner. Women rated lower levels in physical and psychologic dimensions of quality of life” (Kristofferzon et al., 2005, p. 39).

In this chapter there are certain key points that can be distinguishable between gender and race in terms of health inequalities. This chapter has lots of comparisons made regarding gender between male and female, and race including aboriginals. The book demonstrated that research has shown that male and female differ in factors of health and their life expectancies. These studies indicate that men and woman go through different health illness and health risks. The same thing applies for aboriginals in Canada, but it is slightly lower due to their living conditions in poverty. The chapter also mentions socio-economic statues, which is basically the concept of the social class, it is mentioned

According to the American Heart Association (2015), heart failure is defined as “a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through to meet the body 's needs for blood and oxygen. Basically, the heart can 't keep up with its workload”. Congestive heart failure is a progressive illness that effects millions of Americans every year. Many other illnesses can lead to the development of congestive heart failure. Examples of these diseases include: coronary artery disease, past heart attack, high blood pressure, abnormal heart valve, heart muscle disease such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy or inflammation such as myocarditis, congenital heart disease, severe lung disease, diabetes, obesity and asthma. (American Heart Association, 2015 (Centers for

The article is reliable because Clever interviewed a St. Louis doctor, Dr. Ted E. Garrett, who is a cardiothoracic surgeon and knowledgeable on the topic of heart disease. Women and heart disease is a current topic because heart disease is the number one killer among women and it has been taken more seriously when women come into the hospital with symptoms than in the past. Many facts and statistics are used in the document, which appears to be accurate since this is a reliable source and information given from a cardiothoracic surgeon. The news article is researched based written by a news reporter who interviewed a well qualified doctor. The overall goal of the newspaper article is to inform those who think heart disease is a man’s disease and also teach the public more about heart

Felmingham, K. L., & Bryant, R. A. (2012). Gender differences in the maintenance of response to cognitive behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 80(2), 196-200. doi:10.1037/a0027156

In this journal article, the author entails the impact of congestive heart failure (CHF) on individuals all around the world, specifically focusing on how can nurses help their patients suffering with CHF and keep it under control. The Purpose of this journal article is to provide nurses with more knowledge related to CHF discussing the cause of CHF, sign and symptoms, lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, in comparison to pharmacological management to prevent or delay the progression of the disease. William & Wilkins (2012) specially highlights the difference between right and left sided CHF. This journal article is conducted to quantify the nurses with tools to help their patients that suffer with congestive heart failure (CHF).

For the many that are afflicted with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there's no secret as to its debilitating effect on an individual's ability to handle small issues such as a news story that may prove to be sad or upsetting or dealing with a noisy neighbor. Recent research in a published study, appearing in Circulation, the journal of the American Heart Association, indicates that those issues may be the least of things for women to be concerned about. The study contends that women with PTSD may have an increased probability of stroke and heart attack.

Women’s health and well-being in Los Angeles County is greatly influenced by many factors. These include biological differences as well as social, economic and environmental criteria. The rich racial diversity and economic status of women in Los Angeles exaggerates the need to better understand and address the disparities amongst this population. A 2017 Public Health message titled “Health Indicators for Women in Los Angeles County” highlights disparities by ethnicity and poverty level. The objective of Healthy People 2020 is to reduce the leading causes of death, disability, and preventable disease. The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion provides topics in areas that can benefit women’s health (ODPHP, 2014).

The effects of stress and heart disease is explained in a study Chida and Steptoe (2009), in which investigators looked at populations of people in healthy known areas, and assessed in total twenty five different studies. Anger and hostility has a positive relationship with coronary heart disease and was greater in men compared to women. Their findings also showed that individuals who had cardiac arrest and were resuscitated, twenty five percent admitted to feeling extremely stressed with work and family instances just twenty four hours before they had cardiac arrest. Daily activities that provoked moderate, acute stress demonstrated lower levels of blood supply to the hearts muscle. Deanfield et al. (1984)

The topic I will explore is heart disease in women. The question, what do healthcare providers need to know about cardiovascular disease in women and how their symptoms and presentation differ from men will be discussed. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and men in the Western world. Nearly 1 million cardiovascular related deaths a year are women. Many women’s risk factors go unrecognized and untreated by their primary care physician (Pregler et al., 2009). According to FamilyDoctor.org, “American women are 4 to 6 times more likely to die of heart disease that of breast cancer” (2009). In generally men have an earlier onset of heart disease than to women but have a higher survival rate from heart

As for my stress, I use task-oriented coping strategies to keep my stress levels at a minimum (Lefton p.464). I also try to make regular visits to a clinic, and get physicals for both myself, and my son Tre'. Hopefully by using these preventative strategies I can keep heart disease's deadly touch at bay.Like all areas of medicine, prevention methods change as new data accumulates and old ideas fall by the wayside. The enhancement of health and prevention of disease comes from looking beyond the numbers and statistics to evaluate the whole picture. Clinical experience, judgement, and even personal experience is as important to achieving a healthy

Cardiac Rehabilitation programme is offered to patients post myocardial infarction. Rehabilitation is defined by the Royal College of Nursing RCN, (2000,pg.3) as re-enablement which means "helping people adapt to changes in their life circumstances." Cardiac rehabilitation is defined by Jowcett and Thompson 1996 cited in Noy (1998,pg.1033) as "the process by which patients with coronary heart disease are enabled to achieve their optimal physical, emotional, social and economic status". Furthermore, it is also defined by the World Health Organisation WHO, (1993) cited in the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease DOH, (2000,pg.3) as the "sum of activities required to influence favourably the underlying cause of the disease, as well as the best possible physical, mental and social conditions, so that they (people) may, by their own efforts preserve or resume when lost, as normal a place as possible in the community". Rehabilitation is a complex activity that requires contributions from many members of the healthcare team. Rehabilitation is a planned, goal-directed activity that requires assessment and re-assessment using standardised measures to monitor progress. It must include patients and their families and friends.