Gender Differences In Sports

In his 1982 article, “Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals,” Jib Fowles informs readers of various psychological human needs, defined as appeals. These appeals are used in advertising, to persuade consumers to purchase a product. Due to the prevalence of advertisements in today’s society, consumers have learned to block out advertisements. By using any of the fifteen appeals such as the need for sex, or the need for affiliation, companies can get into consumers’ minds, with hopes of selling their products. In other words, by appealing to consumers desires, the chance of marketing success

Gender classification is a predominant topic within today’s sports and is most broadly understood through the portrayals of sports media. Through overt and covert ways, sports media has continued to promote a masculine representation of sports (Millington & Wilson, 2010; Messener, Duncan, & Jensen, 1993). By understanding the way in which sports media portrays sports, one can recognize how masculinity has dominated the world of sports. With the aid of two unique studies of sports media, this paper will critique the way in which media has effected the gendered depiction of sports.

What captures the attention of people when they view an advertisement, commercial or poster? Is it the colors, a captivating phrase or the people pictured? While these are some of the elements often employed in advertising, we can look deeper and analyze the types of appeals that are utilized to draw attention to certain advertisements. The persuasive methods used can be classified into three modes. These modes are pathos, logos, and ethos. Pathos makes an appeal to emotions, logos appeals to logic or reason and ethos makes an appeal of character or credibility. Each appeal can give support to the message that is being promoted.

Men and women who chose to engage in sports from which they would traditionally be discouraged because of their gender, particularly as professionals, redefine the sport. The social and cultural "costs" are not the result of the individual's participation, but rather the way in which sports have been socially, politically, and economically constructed. Gender is only one of the few ways in which people are categorized according to their proficiency for some athletic activities. Race and class are also factors which may prevent individuals from engaging in sports that have been traditionally excluded to them. Socially constructed notions of race, class, and sexuality compound the way in

Before I conducted this media analysis about women in sports and sport broadcasting, I hypothesized the obvious - that more male sports would be in the media, and that there would be more male sports broadcasters as well. Through my observations I did find that the sports arena and sports broadcasting sphere are male dominated. However, I also found that although there are not many stories about women, there has been a steady progression and magazines like Sports Illustrated are becoming bold enough to highlight women athletes in a magazine that is targeted towards a male audience. Although women still have a long way to go, they are making some headway into the male-dominated sports arena.

According to my classmate Angelina, “young kids want to learn to learn to play the game.” According to my classmate Brianna, “ it's only boys on TV.” Without women’s sports less and less girls will be interested in sports. When it comes to sports women can beat the men. In a marathon the women’s times were five minutes faster. This proves that women’s sports on TV is another way to play the

Attitudes are evaluations of people, objects, and ideas. (Akert, 2013) Cognitively based attitudes are based on thoughts and beliefs one has about an object, and this attitude provides pros and cons of an object, so we can decide if we want to be associated with it or not. Affectively based attitudes are based more on people’s feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object. (Akert, 2013) The elaboration likelihood model is the umbrella for this topic, because it explains the two ways in which persuasion can change someone attitude. The two ways are persuasion through the central route and the persuasion through the peripheral route. The elaboration likelihood model refers to processing the message which is related to the cognitively based attitudes. Persuasive communication is most successful in changing attitudes when going through the central route because the audience is motivated, whereas with the peripheral route the audience is not motivated. Now I am going to discuss the routes of persuasion through advertisements in detail.

Through the movies viewed in this course this semester, we saw women who were able to play against men and still keep their femininity. Nothing is lost when playing sports not traditionally meant for a particular race or gender. Society must become more understanding when it comes to the sports different types of people play and hinder from stereotyping anyone when they participate and perform well in that sport.

A sporting event in today's culture is a business. It's all focused on getting as many spectators as possible. Now the question comes, what makes these spectators so interested in elite sports such as American Football, Basketball, or Rugby? What makes the average spectator want to spend money and watch? It's this perspective of male aggression that lures these spectators. Physicality, athleticism, and even size are all factors that, attract the eyes of the public. To an extent, a sporting event of any kind is a show to entertain and enhance profit. This desire for aggression, speed, size, and physical features are all what define the role of behavioral factors that influence the gender sporting difference.

By turning women away from playing certain sports, we are influenced to believe that they are not as qualified to play, compared to men. (Creedon, 1994). Ironically, women on the field seem to have to act tougher than the men. If an

Tennis is another venue that has proven ripe for gender analysis, largely because the Grand Slam events feature men’s and women’s matches within the same telecast. The most prominent study in this area was conducted by Halbert and Latimer (1994), who examined a rare cross-gender match (Martina Navratilova vs. Jimmy Connors). They found that even when the score was tied in the first set, Connors

The message conveyed through the advertising appeals influences the purchasing decisions of consumers. In this case, the advertisement was aired by Carl’s Jr fast food restaurant to advertise their new “all natural burger”. It was aired during the Super bowl because majority of the audience, men and woman, are watching the game. And it makes it easy for them to put their product out because most people that watch the Super bowl just watch the commercials.

Sports fans usually acknowledge various sports through different mass media outlets. To develop our comprehension of social qualities inserted in sports and to investigate current values and power structures in regards to men and women, it is important to explore the potential impact that media may have in manipulating conventions about gender-appropriate sport conduct. One question that will be answered is, does mass media influence the beliefs about gender-appropriate sport behavior during the broadcast of various sports? To help answer this question three sets of participants are going to be involved. Ranging from 16 to 26 years of age, the sets will include individuals who have ample knowledge regarding various sports, individuals who have no-in-depth knowledge, and finally individuals who are active athletes throughout various levels like high school, college, and professional leagues. These individuals will view interviews, and coverage of different athletes, sports and events present in the Olympics. Following the exposure to the various segments, participants will complete a questionnaire and a survey regarding their experience during the viewing. With an international aspect and various races, cultures, and genders a change in both the representation of genders and the traditional expectations of genders would be present with a change in the

The research in consumer behavior and psychology shows that the brand related information determines the probability if the customer will select a particular brand (Mitchell 100). Companies have learned to play with the psychology and emotions of consumers and have succeeded in attracting even those consumers that were not motivated by the traditional advertisements. Companies these days are focusing on the basic psychological principles to understand how to plan and execute the advertisement.

We often don’t realize what goes into our advertisements. Teams of marketing personnel, pages of research, and immense amounts of psychological principles are applied all to get you to buy a product. Advertisements are highly calculated to manipulate the customer and illicit a specific response that causes them to buy a product. The use of psychological principles have been used in advertisements for centuries. Marketing and advertising have developed over time into a complex formula for an effective advertising campaign. Marketers receive more amount of information of their consumers than ever before and it’s important to be aware of how advertisements are targeted towards a consumer. As advertisements become more and more prevalent in society, the content of advertisements becomes increasingly more complexly targeted at individuals to convince them to buy a product. While exploring this topic, I hope to present information that could raise a consumer’s awareness on the extent in which their purchasing decision is based on product marketing rather than it’s quality. In this paper, I will evaluate the extend psychology influences advertising in modern culture.