There have been numerous studies conducted that have considered the opinions on homosexuality and lesbians and whether differences in attitudes stem from differences in age, ethnicity, political views, religiosity, or even cultural differences. However, the ones I have focused on to frame my research design and method are those studies that have specifically focused on gender differences in attitudes towards homosexuality and lesbians. Herek and Hansen noted that findings in such studies have discovered that heterosexual men tend to display higher levels of prejudice against homosexuals compared to heterosexual women (as cited in Lim 2002, p. 86). Studies have also found that though both men and women evaluated lesbians negatively, their evaluations were still significantly less negative than towards homosexuals (Lim 2002). Additionally, it has been found that women’s ratings of lesbians and gay men were almost equal, but men’s ratings of lesbians were less negative than their ratings of gay men (Louderback & Whitley 175). In one study, researchers used the Homonegativity as Discomfort Scale (HADS) to look at gender differences in homonegativity among 431 undergraduate students at a Western Comprehensive University. Homonegativity is linked to a variety of negative qualities, from being less open to new experiences, unreasonable beliefs, and the disposition to act discriminatory, additionally it can be conveyed as violence against homosexuals and lesbians. (Monto & Supinski
Then, Warren J. Blumenfeld goes on to list the many ways homophobia hurts, not only the LGBTQ community, but everyone. Some being, it restricts the ability of heterosexuals to form relationships with people of the same sex out of fear of homosexuality; it creates strict gender roles that people must abide by, which creates unfairness; it makes herterosexual people treate people of the LGBTQ community badly which corrupts their humanity; and it strains family relationships.
This paper will continue on, researching the societal change/acceptance in the gay and lesbian community as no longer being unorthodox and with the stigma coming from the gay community itself.
They would view the life of homosexuals with a clear mind that isn’t going to judge instead of fighting against what they have been taught since birth. The gender roles teach people how to act according to their sex; if someone goes against the traditional teachings than they are viewed as outcasts. Society looks at them as a mishap. This article strengthens the Kinsey scale because it shows how subjective views can affect the lives of people for the worse. For example, the subjective bias view of Wardle, a law professor at Brigham Young University has affected the lives of homosexuals in several states because he:
Gay and Lesbian research is inquiry that focuses on the lives, experiences, and meanings of those who are socially identified as lesbians; this identity label is temporal, culturally determined, and socially constructed. Today, lesbian refers to women who are primarily sexually and romantically attracted to other women. Lesbian research is indebted to the advances and insights of feminism, a movement for social justice centered on women. Reflecting on this historic connection, lesbian research has attempted to redress the imbalance of attention to dominant groups in traditional
In conclusion, sexual prejudice has become a major concern in our community and country. It not only has affected individuals physically but also mentally as well. We have made big strides in the United States in accepting lesbians, gays, and bisexuals. This will continue to be a process as we become more educated on this topic. In this paper, I compared
Herek, G. (2002, January 1). Gender Gaps in Public Opinion about Lesbians and Gay Men. Retrieved March 21, 2015, from
I believe teachers innately assume a corrective role in their interaction with students who exhibit gay or lesbian tendencies. Teachers are so accustomed to assuming roles and wearing various hats when dealing with their students. Teachers spend countless hours helping students learn to problem solve. Gay and lesbian tendencies are view as a problem especially in the elementary school years when students are at their purest and are naïve about the world and its expectations of them. In a teacher’s eyes boys should be playful, rough, and tough. Girls should be cute, prissy, and giggly. When teachers encounter children who are outside of their assumed roles they automatically try to correct them by saying things: “little girls/boys shouldn’t behave that way or little boys/girls shouldn’t walk like that or wear their clothes like that.” Teachers unconsciously and some consciously, devote a great deal of time trying to correct those undesired tendencies, which often leads to embarrassment or berating of the student(s). How teachers interact with these students is an area that needs to be explored.
When something is so prevalent in society it becomes the hard to see its influence. Heteronormativity has such effect which Lauren Berlant and Micheal Warner discuss in “Sex in Public.”. “Heteronormativity is more that ideology, or prejudice, or phobia against gays and lesbians; it is produced in almost every aspect of the forms and arrangements of social life; nationality, the state, and the law; commerce; medicine; and education” (Berlant, Warner, 554). It imposes
In this paper I am discussing the racial and prejudice issues of homosexuals. In the present day, homosexuals are being accepted in a better light than thirty years ago. Although, there are still racial slurs, non-acceptance issues, and violence that the homosexual communities are dealing with on a daily basis. In this paper I am discussing Lena. She is a lesbian trying to feel approval of the social world, and her family; by which she is trying to fit into the society. Therefore, the helper is directing Lena to take notice of
Areas of particular relevance to health educators include heterosexual bias in sexuality education curriculum and textbook context, AIDS education, hate violence, adolescent suicide, and health education research on lesbian and gay topics. Strategies for eliminating homophobia include professional development of health educators and curriculum change at the university level” (Baker, 1991, np). Other researchers like Black, Oles and Moore (1998) “reported on a study of the relationship between students' attitudes toward women and toward gay men and lesbians and changes in those attitudes during social work courses at two universities. The study found a significant relationship between students' levels of homophobia and sexism. The relationship was stronger for female students than for male students and varied by race and academic major. The article also discussed the implications of the findings for changing social work curricula” (np). Barry (1998) explained “that a series of contemporary theories that had been used to explain homophobia. Structural, feminist, comparative, gender panic, queer, and socio-historical theories rely on the premises of a diverse set of scholarly disciplines, and in turn, generate their own objects of analysis, whether `homophobia', `heterosexism', or `heteronormativity'. While the current flourishing of gay and lesbian studies had generated important insights into the workings of homophobia, analyses have also
The logic of compulsory heterosexuality is grounded on a model of binary gender difference. In other words, compulsory heterosexuality relies on the underlying assumption that people are either men or women and upon this assumption is layered another: that men and women are the proper sexual pairing and that men and women are the exclusive objects of each other’s emotional and physical desire.
Social attitudes toward homosexuals have both negative and positive perceptions. Using the category labels homosexual and heterosexual, researchers found that heterosexual male and female participants had more negative implicit attitudes toward homosexuals relative to heterosexual (Breen). Participants have completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) which is gay men vs. straight men which is made up of good words and bad words (Breen). In regards to positive attitudes, many things have changed over time and a rise in positive attitudes toward homosexuals has grown (Breen). “The right of gay men and lesbians to marry, one might believe that, on average, Americans hold
Men like me are socialized to engage in sex with women given that it’s pushed by parents and the school’s beliefs of traditional gender roles. As society becomes more sexually diverse the concept of heteronormativity is being challenged because of the push for sexual freedom. Sexual fluidity challenges the idea of heteronormativity; it does not challenge individuals who are straight, but the social ideas of being straight. For me it’s normal to be straight and for others it’s normal to be gay or lesbian. Ultimately, I acknowledge that there is variation in sexuality, but I am not open to this
A. Anti-LGBT violence in 2013 had a total of 2001incidents reported, with a substantial increase in severity of violence reported. (NCAVP, May 2014)
The Jurgens, Schwitzer, & Middleton, (2004) study pointed out that focus groups were asked whether males of the same sexual orientation delivered an optimistic and restricted perspective to social transformation, and 68% of the sample evaluated was unbiased. Some of the questionnaire’s questions included, sexual option have nothing to do with a person’s personality or their input to civilization (Jurgens et al, 2004). The inquiries claimed individuals of the same sexual persuasion are worthy of comparable shelter and safety (Jurgens et al, 2004). The participants in the survey determined that females of the same sexual orientation vindicated comparable protection and the similar privileges as heterosexuals (Jurgens et al, 2004). Two topics came up, and one theme was that female of the same sexual preference should not have corresponding rights in the area of child nurturing (Jurgens et al, 2004). The responses sets stated that it did not give kids any other possibilities (Jurgens et al, 2004). The respondents in the survey claimed it was detrimental for a child’s health to be brought up in female of the same sexual orientation’s family unit, and it made the household arrangement idiosyncratic (Jurgens et al, 2004).