Essay on Gender Differences in Smiling

Results of the experiment overwhelmingly supported the hypothesis. Particularly in the measurements of smiling. Male-female dyads showed extraordinarily higher frequencies of smiling during conversation than the other dyads. Both same gender dyads showed relatively marginal to moderate frequencies for smiling. Eye contact frequencies were also higher for male-female dyads, though not as overwhelmingly as smiling. In contrast, both same gender dyads showed relatively low frequencies for eye contact.

In a more modern example, a 2004 study by Peter Glick and Robin Wells, both of the Department of Psychology at Lawrence University, involving sixteen nations showed hostile attitudes toward men. ?Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having?more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile?attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance.?

Amongst the statistically significant data, male researchers received more smiles from the opposite gender when making a neutral and a smile compared to its own gender at p<.01 for female researchers is receiving more smiles from the opposite gender when making a neutral face. In perspective of the difference between female and male researchers, females received more smiles from the same gender while male researchers received more smiles from the opposite gender. These data sets confirm the part in the hypothesis about men being less likely to offer a smile.

Case study or scenario – this was played out in class with one of my peers, I played Mr-Barhrami.

There was a seven year old child named Kiki who was found and dug out of rubble in Haiti after being stuck buried in there for 7 days. At first he was scared to leave the hole but when he got out he wasn't scared anymore, he didn't cry, he did quite the opposite in fact he stretched out his arms like a star and had a huge smile on his face. All the people around couldn't help but smile aswell because Kiki’s smile was infectious! Now a show of hands how many times a day you think that you smile? 4000? 20? 150? 60? On average a child smiles approximately 400 times per day but adults only smile 20 times per day teens like us are anywhere within the middle because of the fluctuating hormones. Out of the thousands of smiles we have shared by this

Something so simple as a smile is much more complex than what meets the eye. In America’s culture we view smiling as a positive friendly feeling, but in many other cultures it’s actually the opposite. We view smiling as a form of respect and use it as a tool to help us either build or to repair relationships. One example of a “non-smiling” culture is Japan. Japanese culture values humility and so they tend to suppress their emotions in order to help build relationships with people. Another “non-smiling” country is Russia. In Russia, smiling is reserved for close friends and so smiling at strangers is viewed as being insincere. Therefore, the question at hand is why is smiling something that is so important in our culture? According to Mrs. Cunningham (par. 12) “Women are expected to smile no matter where they line up on the social, cultural, or economic

One of my goals for this semester is to try to smile more during my sessions to show warmth. I think by showing warmth it will hopefully allow my client to open up more and they will feel more comfortable talking and sharing with me. I think by smiling it shows warmth, and it also shows the client that I want to be there and that I am engaged with what they have to say. My method of evaluation for this goal will be to review all my recorded sessions for the semester and watch my facial expressions regarding smiling and if I appear warm. By watching the recordings I will also be able to determine if my smile is portrayed as genuine or fake. I will also evaluate my goal by asking for feedback from peers, and ask them if they thought my facial

Most people are surprised to learn exactly how much information they communicated about themselves through their facial expressions. The intricacies of what one does with their the eyes, eyebrows, forehead, lips, tongue, teeth, and mouth while listening or talking combine to send some

The smile is one of the most effective methods of conveying emotion and evaluating self-esteem (Adeyemi 2004, Hulsey 1970). This is especially true for young adults, who, according to Harris and Carr, are more self-conscious about their smile than their eyes, ears, legs, and chest (Harris and Carr 2001). The perception of what constitutes a beautiful smile is largely influenced by cultural expectations and standards (Rodrigues 2009). Individuals may become unsatisfied with their present dental appearance when they perceive that their smile does not meet these criteria (Svedstrom-Oristo 2009). Such perceptions have led to the development and enhancement of several orthodontic techniques (Asbell 1990, Cala 2010, Islam 2009).

Beliefs about what are considered gender ideal emotions are taught early in the lives of young males, which take the form of social pressure towards believing the emotional norms. Parents encourage their daughters to express their emotion, not their sons (Reichbart, 2006). Given the association of crying with femininity and weakness, one might expect that crying men would be evaluated negatively. However, research findings on this subject are mixed, and do not appear to support this conclusion. Consistent with the idea that the expression of emotion actually is an important component of embodied masculinity, research shows that at least in some situations men who cry are rated more positively than women (Arvin, 2014). According to Mathell Peter,

Many times we find ourselves having a conversation with anyone crossing our path (how else are we supposed to make lifetime friends or just finding good company), and just to be friendly we unconsciously reveal a seemingly innocent smile. Most Americans find themselves in this situation. According to LaRay Barna (1976), the author of Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks “Do not believe that the simple experience of talking with someone insure a successful transfer of meaning and feeling” (LaRay Barna, Page 66), in other words we do not know what can be interpreted by a harmless smile. Barna (1976) goes over the reactions of three foreign students to one nonverbal behavior. A Japanese student stated “If someone smiled at a stranger in

The aim of the present study was to investigate which hemisphere is specialised for the perception of emotion. It was hypothesised that participants will judge chimeric faces with smile presented in the left visual field as happier more often than chimeric faces with the smile presented in the right visual field. Twenty-six psychology students were asked to judge chimeric faces with one half being a smiling expression and the other half with a neutral expression. The images were presented in their left and right visual field. Over 28 experimental trials the participants were asked to judge which face they thought looked happier. The percentage of chimeric faces judged as happier for both left and right visual field was recorded. The hypothesis was supported: chimeric faces with smile presented in the left visual field as happier more often than chimeric faces with the smile presented in the right visual field.

The face serves as a primary medium for the exchange of nonverbal communication between people (Green,Williams, Davidson, 2003; Willis, Windsor, Lawson, Ridley, 2014). It has been widely accepted that facial expressions are not only used to indicate a current emotional state but also indicate certain social cues as well. For instance, a facial expression facilitating anger can not only relay information about mood but also tell the target decoding the facial expression to fix a current problem within the relationship or to stay weary of threat related issues within the environment (Fox, Lester, Russo, Bowles, Pichler, Dutton, 2000; Green et al., 2003; Willis et al.,

It is important to be aware of the differences between men and women in the art of nonverbal communication. Knowing these differences can be helpful in understanding why a person is doing a particular action and what it means. As was previously noted, women are more openly emotional and intimate so the body language they use and the reason they use it will be different from the man, who tends to be more reserved with emotional manners. Females are usually more expressive than men and are more likely to return a smile. They do not use as many gestures as men unless they are trying to gain approval from someone, but will usually opt for playing with their hair or clothing or placing their hands in their lap in social situations. Men, on the other hand, do not smile as much as women. They do use more gestures than females, such as sweeping arm and hand motions, in conversation. (West Virginia Department of Education) Males and females also use different body language in the realm of

One type of smile is called the Duchenne smile. It is defined as the smile that is expressed when, “The emotion of frank joy is expressed on the face by the combined contraction of the zygomaticus major muscle and the orbicularis oculi” (Ekman 3). There are two distinct features of the Duchenne smile: the corners of the mouth are turned upward and the eyes become narrowed with a developed crinkle in the forehead. This giddy smile is expressed when there is true happiness present. Researchers who study smiles through the Facial Action Coding system, a method of breaking down facial expressions into individual components of muscle movement, can