Gender Roles And Leadership Roles

In many shops, there seems to be an obvious separation between boys and girls items, for example, the birthday cards, books, clothes, and toys. This is shown in a variety of ways the boy's items are mainly the color blue and the books have pictures of either action figures, superheroes or tools. Whereas the girl's items are mainly the color pink. The books show pictures of fairies, princess, and Bratz. The cards also have the theme of the color pink for girls and blue for boys. The girl's cards have a lot of sparkles and pretty pictures whereas the boy's cards are covered in camo kind of illustrations and also have action figures on the covers. The children's clothes are separated into sections where there are labels for the boy's clothes and labels for the girl's clothes. The girl's clothing is all pretty and pink, it is covered in sparkles. Whereas boys clothing has camo patterns, blue colors, and pictures of action figures.

In present day all around the world, society has certain expectations for the actions and behaviors of males and females. There are many factors in our everyday lives that contribute to the gender norms that society has set. This essay will discuss how situations in life can play a part in how people treat other people based on their gender. It is believed that males are the leaders of our world, but in present day woman can do as much as men can do. From The Journal of Marriage and Family, Hu states, “Differentiated gender roles in adulthood are rooted in one’s gender role socialization. In order to understand the persistence of gender inequalities in the domestic sphere, we need to examine the gendered patterns of children’s housework time.”(2015, P.1). Gender roles are society’s expectations of the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females that they must be taught. These roles define how females and males are viewed in society, their household, and workplace. In The Journal of Sports behavior by Hardin, he states, “Although gender role differences from biological and “Natural” exists in popular consciousness, research has long demonstrated that instead, many are long time socially constructed… Individuals understand their gender because they are given names and treated in particular ways, such as dress in pink for girls and blue for boys, that reflect social construction of gender. Bandura's social cognitive theory is key in understanding the factors in socialization”(2009, P.3). Bandura's theory of of social cognition is that behavior, environmental events, and cognitive factors are the main keys that shape attitudes and actions of an individual. Although, gender roles play a very big part in our society, specific genders are treated differently while dealing with peer influence, media influence, as well as employment.

Leadership - The perception of excellence in business leadership needs to be re-examined. This requires challenging the norms that determine leadership eligibility. Are there drivers that perpetuate a leadership incumbency that excludes females? What is the basis for these drivers?

Societies today are highly affected by the way people are believed to act. Gender roles are created by society, and they are a way to define how a gender should or shouldn't act. In “Answers” by George Singleton, there is a husband and wife thinking about getting divorced, and they begin answering questions in a book, and realize that the other turned out to be less manly or trustworthy, than they believed to be. In “Public Relations” by George Singleton, a man and his wife are out eating with his boss and his wife. While eating he gets fired for talking about how women should act, and how they will amount to nothing without an education. In both of these stories, men and women act differently than the stereotypes put on them by their

Northouse (2016a) describes the development of female leadership. It was once a question if women could lead; yes, they can, but a gender gap exists. Differences between men and women that affect their job attainment. Although men and women may have equal access to entry and lower level positions, men hold more prestigious upper level jobs. Why does this occur? Generally, women have invested less than men in human capital: job history, training, and school. Women invest more time than men in taking care of family. As a result, men obtain jobs that require more responsibilities (Northouse, 2016a).

Vinkenburg, van Engen, Eagly, and Johannesen-Schmidt (2011) found that gender differences in communication style norms can also impact advancement in careers. While the differences in group collaboration and leadership styles between men and women may be trivial, and perception of gender-based leadership style is not. Women were shown to use more effective, leadership techniques then men. However, men were perceived as being slightly better leaders and more inspirational in the work setting, despite the fact that woman’s leadership styles tended to be more rounded. The perpetuation of gender bias in promotion decisions perpetuates the stereotype that men hold

The perceived contradiction between women and the typical leader role tends to create certain prejudices that causes people to think that leadership is more suited for men than women (Eagly et al., 2003)

“Women are present in the workforce in significant numbers, representing nearly half of the workforce and 51 percent of all managerial and professional workers.” In addition to that, “Women earn the majority of undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees” (Lennon, 2014, p. 105). There has been a long-held bias against women in the workforce and especially women in leadership roles. Women continue to outperform men but do not earn salaries or obtain titles that are a reflection of their skills or abilities. “The assumption that women are underrepresented in leadership roles because they prefer less demanding or time-consuming positions to accommodate their families or lifestyle is refuted by the research” (Lennon, 2014, p. 108).

The results were surprisingly different from general belief. Of the leaders, 64% of them were men and the higher level the more men there were. Despite this, women scored higher than men in most categories and were evaluated as better overall leaders than men at all levels. Survey results prove that women are more nurturing and ethical leaders. Men are stereotyped as being strong-minded and vigorous, but against this belief women were actually demonstrated to be the more ambitious and go-getting leader.

This journal seeks to discuss recent identifications and explanations of gender differences in leadership, behaviour & effectiveness in organizations. The models are reviewed based on their contribution and arguments, contextual issues of international and national as well, stereotype and perception of superior and subordinate roles are reviewed and discussed. Rational differences are reviewed and resolved in the context of gender in the perceptions of leadership effectiveness.

There are many nonprofits that have come into existence because of the shift of the economy. While women workers currently make up almost seventy-five percent, men are disproportionately in leadership roles with women only making up twenty-one percent of leadership. Gender roles in leadership are constructed and reinforced with power being connected to the male leaders. While there is a lot of research on female leaders and how their leadership styles are different than their male counterparts there in not much research out there about authentic female leaders in nonprofits. This qualitative study will address the question how women and men nonprofit administrators demonstrates or exhibits the phenomena of authenticity in their leadership

Gender and leadership? Leadership and gender? A journey through the landscape of theories start off by giving a statistical summary of percentages of women in higher echelon position in the workforce. With this information in the intro, the article quickly highlights the limited representation of women in exclusive positions in Fortune 500 companies. Next, the paper examines multiple theories why this problem exists in the workforce. The four theories examined are biology and sex; gender role; causal factors; and attitudinal drivers (Appelbaum et al, 2003, p. 44).

Men tend to take leadership roles over women, but why? Do they lead differently where one is better than the other? In Reframing organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership, Bolman and Deal discuss the possibilities of men and women leading differently, and estate that, “for the most part, the available evidence suggests that men and women in comparable positions are more alike than different” (pg 352). Men and women share leadership styles, but when you look at how each implement the style then differences show up. The authors noted that women tend to score higher in different measures when compared to men, but the differences are not as significant that one would say one leads better than the other. More women are being seeing in a high leadership position. Females in the field of mathematics are not very common. I interviewed three females who are in the field of mathematics. Females are making their way up in the fields that are dominated by males, and are slowly proving that females are very much capable of leading an organization.

In the fight between a male versus female manager, you may expect that a male supervisor may be superior at running the show, since guys are frequently seen as natural born leaders. Individuals who act in ways that are incongruent with their sex role tend to be evaluated negatively (Eagly and Karau, 2002). This incongruity can create problems for female managers because characteristics necessary to be a successful leader are more frequently associated with the male gender role (Elsesser and Lever, 2014). In the United States today, females from one perspective are commended as having the right blend of abilities for initiative, yielding unrivaled leadership styles and extraordinary efficiency. Then again, there seems, by all accounts, to be across the board acknowledgment that ladies regularly come in second to men in rivalries to achieve leadership positions. Females are still depicted as struggling for access to leadership positions and in addition prejudice and resistance when they occupy these roles.

The competition of who is a better leader is still on the run. There is no doubt that there is change in the leadership styles and skills of men and women. Men by birth are considered to be more powerful in terms of confidence and in contrast women are considered to be the ones who are less powerful. From the very ancient times people have preferred male to in the top managerial position. Think manager-Think Male in the 1970’s Virginia Schein can be the one of the appropriate example to further clarify the competition (Bailey, 2014).