The Elizabethan era was a patriarchal society, males were perceived as dominant, filled with strength and bravery while women were the inferior sex, having a motherly, nurturing and timid nature. William Shakespeare constantly defies these expectations in the tragedy of Macbeth, through the dominance and manipulation of the witches and Lady Macbeth and the weaker sides of Macbeth and Macduff, despite their noble status that ensures their bravery and strength.
In Macbeth, Shakespeare confronts standard gender stereotypes of the Elizabethan era by highlighting the masculinity and manipulative nature of the witches. In Shakespeare’s time, women were viewed as the weaker gender, with little status in society and dominated by males. The witches defy this by displaying their masculine features and their power to manipulate Macbeth’s ambition of becoming king. In Act I Scene III, Banquo states to the witches, “You should be women / And yet your beards forbid me to interpret / That you are so.” This suggests the masculine appearance of the witches and symbolises their strength and influence in male dominated society. In addition, in Act I Scene III, the first witch informs the other witches of her plans to curse the sailor after his wife’s disobedience. The simile in, “I will drain him dry as hay/ Sleep shall neither night nor day,” suggests the witches’ power over the sailor and their potential to act out of hatred, which was expected from males. As a result, Shakespeare defies the
Another aspect of gender in this play that intensifies and drives the storyline is the reversal and confusion of gender roles that lead to conflicts among characters. This “confusion” can be interpreted in different ways based on the character to whom it applies but there are clear examples of this within the text. During an interaction with the Weird Sisters, Banqo states, “You should be women, and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so” (I.iii.45-47). This quote could certainly be interpreted as a comedic remark regarding the ugliness of the witches, but it presents a key point in the context of gender reversal. The weird sisters are traditionally identified as women, but possess powerful traits, more common to men at this time. Their beards symbolize their non-traditional behavior for women and thus give their prophecy more legitimacy in the notion that it can be fulfilled, prompting Macbeth to act. Lady Macbeth also experiences a reversal in gender role when she calls on the spirits to “Unsex her” (I.v.42-45). Lady Macbeth, to take on her husband’s endeavors, calls for this to
The traditional gender role for men and women is a strict set of expectations one must face and either choose to follow or defy it. In the Shakespearian era women portray as the weaker sex because they display as needing protection as the more fragile, innocent, and dependent sex, whereas men have authority as strong, capable, and honourable beings. However, the traditional gender roles play in reversal in Macbeth by William Shakespeare by having Lady Macbeth, the Three Witches (weird sisters), and Macbeth defy the gender roles that allow women and men to portray in a unique way in society. First, Lady Macbeth is defiant to her role as a woman because she is able to take initiative, deceive others, and commit violent acts. Secondly, the three Witches are in fact sisters which avid them to follow their role as women, however they defy their roles because they manipulate others, have the capability to make independent decisions, and kill without hesitation. Finally, Macbeth defies his roles as a man in the Shakespearian era because he acts cowardly, isn’t able to carry out duties himself, and is disloyal to his companions.
A prominent and permeating theme in Macbeth is the roles and characteristics of masculinity and femininity. Throughout the play Shakespeare presents the audience with strong and sometimes conflicting views of these gender roles. What exactly defines being a man or a woman? How does an individual’s grasp of these roles effect their actions? Shakespeare shows that a clear and accurate understanding of the concept of masculinity is of critical importance in the success of a ruler. In particular, he illustrates how Macbeth’s acceptance of a perverted, violent view of masculinity leads his kingdom into chaos and turmoil, and leads Macbeth to his inevitable demise. Moral order can only be restored
The Elizabethan ideology of the traditional gender roles is constantly challenged and manipulated throughout the play, Macbeth. William Shakespeare explores the relationship between gender and power within the play, challenging the male dominant society of the 16th century. The play is set in the 11th century, Scotland where a patriarchal society is portrayed through the characters within the Shakespearean production. Qualities such as courage, honour, braveness and control were reflected at that time as masculinity. Macbeth is portrayed through these characteristics in the beginning of the play, whereas the feminine character, Lady Macbeth, was portrayed as ruthless and ‘power-hungry’. These qualities are usually associated with
By the end of the play, it is notable how hyper masculinity deteriorates the main characters of the play. The characters of Macbeth inhabit a world of darkness and uncertainty as hyper-masculine ideologies are introduced to them. As one reads throughout the play, it’s easy to pick up on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's excellent job at portraying the personification of humanity’s identity crisis with gender. Without proper gender roles, humanity begins to deteriorate, so the struggle that takes place in this play is of significant concern. With the creation of the Macbeths, Shakespeare diminishes everything that what was considered to be human nature. Macbeth becomes unstable because he cannot please such an unsatisfied woman, so he feels the need to take on an artificial hyper-masculine role but because of this is too torn to
account thy love. Art thou afraid to be the same in thine own act and
The play Macbeth, written by Shakespeare, describes Macbeth’s rise to power and the obstacles he faces on his journey. The witches prophesied his rise of power that will lead to him becoming King. He must make many drastic decisions that will lead to becoming king and powerful. Males often strive to obtain supremacy and glory. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, male roles are strictly defined as cruel and violent; however, not all men follow these standards. Male gender roles and the stereotypes they reinforce, may or may not define the way a male acts in society.
In Elizabethan English, society was a rigid patriarchy, as women were revered as the “weaker sex” both physically and emotionally. A woman’s place resided solely in the home birthing children. Men held the power, as they were the breadwinners and possessed political rights. Likewise, author William Shakespeare plays into these gender roles because of his audience. In his play Macbeth, he portrays one of his lead characters, Lady Macbeth, as wielding the power over her husband and occupying the masculine half of the relationship; she is perceived as the exception. However, Shakespeare is essentially arguing that men are meant to masculine and women are meant to feminine; it is the natural order of things. Lady Macbeth’s misplaced masculinity lead to her grisly downfall.
William Shakespeare’s tragedy “Macbeth” completely challenges the idea of traditional gender roles and social norms during the renaissance period. The male characters have many feminine traits while the female characters have many more masculine and manlier traits. This was going entirely against the stereotypical outlook of the roles you’re supposed to play as your gender during that time of history. During the renaissance period women were only expected to clean, cook, and to have babies. Men on the other hand were typically expected to work hard and to provide for the home. Socially women didn’t have power or respect and men were the ones who were supposed to be brave and tough at the best of times and the worst of times. That idea is
Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, begins with the protagonist, Macbeth, being faced with a supernatural prophecy. The temptation of power further corrupts Macbeth as the play progresses, until his murders catch up to him. Despite the time in which a man lives, he is surrounded by opportunity and the constant battle between the loss and acquisition of power. For those deep in search for power often experience the blurring of the lines between right and wrong. In the 17th century, gender roles were strict and unmoving. Men symbolized the power and strength, while the women represented the caring and submissive traits of human nature. Shakespeare utilizes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s marriage to further toy with the audience’s minds and inverts the gender roles.Throughout the play, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s marriage demonstrates inverted gender roles; but as Lady Macbeth utilizes her influence over Macbeth, her driven attitude leads him down the path of corruption.
In the modern 21sr century, the roles and behaviors expected of individuals remains analogous despite gender. This ideology stems from the preceding movement in equality, which preaches that differences of sex appear insignificant. Despite this notion, there remains distinct differences in the physical and psychological makeups of both men and women. In most cultures, certain duties remain associated with specific genders. With this in mind, Shakespeare’s Macbeth heightens the supernatural evil possessing Lady Macbeth as she condones murder for her own selfish ambition, while in Shakespeare’s time women were regarded as peaceful and full of feminine sympathies. This anachronism with the reality of Shakespeare’s day, illustrates the immense sense of wickedness and abnormality emphasizing her character’s influence on her husband and the plot of the play. In contrast, Macbeth appears to some extent a more acceptable evil due to a greater compliance with the gender standards and moral transition during the Shakespearean era. Shakespeare utilizes numerous literary intentions in order to express these diverse levels of evil to provide an element of depth behind the mental reactions and deteriorations of the characters until their final decease into the complete darkness of death.
To begin with, Macbeth promotes very strict gender roles, with women and femininity being associated with fear and weakness, and men and manliness being associated with power
In Macbeth, one of the most tragic and well known plays, William Shakespeare changes women’s part in society. During this time period, women are known to be both mentally and physically weaker than men. Women are called to be only housewives. Shakespeare reflected the image of women in society by giving the men bigger leads in his plays. Only in a few of Shakespeare's plays did he give women strong leading roles. Macbeth is one of the few plays where women play a more powerful role than the men. In Macbeth, he gives the women unusual traits like manipulation and betrayal. In William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, women like Lady Macbeth , the trio witches, and Lady Macduff portray non-feminine traits.
With social and cultural stereotypes in this era, men were viewed as more powerful while women were portrayed as weak. William Shakespeare tries to interpret the roles between genders by having characters of the opposite sex. In the play Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses rhetorical devices to demonstrate Macbeth’s and Lady Macbeth’s switch in traditional gender roles, which arise from the consequences for each character’s actions and speech.
The women in Macbeth, namely Lady Macbeth, contradict these expectations through their commanding, and ambitious tones. During that second half of act one Lady Macbeth is portrayed as the ruling figure in the house. Instead of being a grateful and fulfilling housewife she instead pushes and commands Macbeth to commit assassination. She berates him when he falters and asked if he would rather, “live like a coward in thine own esteem.” (Shakespeare)