Gender Roles Of Kurdish Women

Sharkov, Damien. “Inside the World of Ukraine's Women Warriors; Hundreds of Ukrainian Women Have Joined Volunteer Groups on the Front Lines.” Newsweek, Nov. 2016. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com.catalog.stisd.net:2048/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&u=j031916004&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE|A469272064&asid=e1fcd523f03a6f57e0f3fd03ae4785f2. Accessed

Gender roles in ancient Mesopotamia were clearly defined (teachmiddleeast.edu). Generally, men worked outside of the home and women stayed inside of the home while focusing on raising their children and keeping up with work that took place in the home. However, there were exceptions; we know of women who were “bartenders” and even women who were priestesses, but with limited responsibility. Due to the fact that some were from socially higher families and owned large amounts of property, those women were not allowed to marry. Women at the time were given much less freedom than men, however, women were more protected than men, which is seen in Hammurabi’s Code of Law, specifically in his 130th law:

In a society, gender roles are the roles that are restricted to males or females on the basis of their sexism. Conventionally, in numerous societies including the western society, it is supposed that females are more encouraged at any platform than the males. It is believed that for the development of a society, females should be treated in an encouraged way because encouragement of the females help in the betterment of society. Earlier, it was considered that females should remain at home and they should maintain the household things rather than working outside because outside work is only for the males, but it was a traditional way of treating women, which has been changed now.

This is a significant body of work that focuses on the historical facts about how these women had the courage to step into these roles, trying to not be found out by others. They could not be themselves, but had to consume another identity in order to survive. Hall has examined the gender lens thoroughly, depicting these women as going above and beyond the call of war. He discusses that some women’s identities were discovered, but others died with secret. Hall’s purpose is clear, his intent is to separate fact from

Cynthia Enloe’s book titled Nimo’s War, Emma’s War: Making Feminist Sense of the Iraq War allows readers to enter the lives of eight women; four American and four Iraqi, in order to better understand the everyday lives of people, their struggles, and the outcomes of war by using particular stories of women to bring together issues present globally. Enloe wrote this book to analyze war from a feminist perspective. Analyzing war through a feminist lens by way of stories makes understanding the war more accessible for wider audiences (Enloe 2010:xii and 218). The use of stories allows for a better understanding of women in both countries and shows that there is no one group of women, whether that be American or Iraqi, there is no monolithic Muslim women or American women (Enloe 2010:xii). In doing so, Enloe (2010) allows for readers of all backgrounds to critically question the gendered aspects of war including the histories, feelings, struggles, and the ways in which women organize and resist war waging (p. xii). Enloe (2010) in both her purpose for writing this book and in the title, does not focus on one group of women which allows for a more serious and balanced engagement with the women in both countries. Enloe connects stories of women from two countries while at war. When women are taken seriously in all of their diversity, and their ideas and actions are explored, the world will better understand how upholding certain forms of masculinity at particular moments in time

Margaret Gonzalez-Perez (2004), in her Nationalism and women terrorist meeting, identifies two different categories of terrorist organizations and the roles of women within each. Terrorist groups with international agendas typically oppose U.S. imperialism, capitalism, or Western culture in general. Nationalist terrorist organizations usually take action against perceived forces of oppression within their own nation. These different agendas have a direct impact on the role of women within them. Internationally-oriented terrorist groups assign traditional, limited gender roles to their female members, while nationalist terrorist organizations challenge domestic prohibitions, including those imposed on women, and encourage full and active participation of female members at all levels of terrorist activity. This heightened level of participation could very well alter the longevity and chances of success for such a

Though exponentially setback due to numerous oppressive regimes and both revolutionary and foreign wars, women in Iraq are still making progress. The history of women in public roles during past war times gave them a bit of leverage to retain these roles. Though more oppressed than western women, Iraqi women are far less oppressed than they were during Fernea’s stay, acknowledged as individuals outside of their relation to males, taking on public work roles and participating in political

Some say the world is our oyster. There are so many beautiful places to visit and many adventures to experience in the short lives that we live. With the vast choices available the one place I would not live Baghdad, Iraq. Baghdad is the largest a city within Iraq, and it is experiencing many violent acts. Here, the women are also oppressed. They must govern themselves according o their male figures. The biggest reason I cannot live here is because it is too far from home for me.

Being born a female in Iran one automatically has less control over her autonomy. This is due to the male dominant society which has placed limitations and expectations on females. These exceptions and limitations can range from being told what to wear in public to not being able to go out alone without placing themselves in danger. Through socialization these have become social norms in the Iranian culture that have resulted in explicit and implicit gender roles. According the Berger and Luckmann, socialization can be deconstructed into two parts: primary and secondary socialization (1967). In primary socialization, a child is taught by significant others what are appropriate attitudes, behaviors

Chapter six, ‘Women, Gender Roles, Media and Journalism’ by Lily Farhadpour argues that increasing Iranian women journalist since the mid 1990s would suggest that women journalists in the Iranian media reflects the dynamism of the democracy movement (p105). The increase in female journalists suggest that Iranian women’s issues are moving to mainstream media, and in most popular media women are have an active voice (p105). Farhadpour tries to show that women are not just able to enter more spaces in Iranian society, but are also being given a voice and this voice is being listened to.

There are many types of family roles and dynamics that are taking rule in this two particular scenarios. The Middle Eastern woman that holds a Doctorate degree and should be very capable of taking care of herself financially and obviously has enough knowledge, still chooses companionship over a solitary life. In her relationship with her companion, she is known as the second wife and she’s ok with that because her culture believes having more than one wife is an equitable way of organizing relationships. Or the two Lesbian woman that have children together and are hoping their children fit into society even if they don’t. Worried that their children have two mommies and no man figure in their lives, these two types of family roles are definitely

Women in modern war fight alongside men, but are still offered the stereotypically “easy” jobs first rather than be fighting on the fields. Mesok explained in her writing “Effective Technologies of War” that in 2003 in Iraq women were used as “strategy” that would help soothe or calm Iraqi women and children. Most women were given the task to interact with female Iraqi civilians during home raids and checkpoints to gain their trust (60). “The embodiment of a caring, non sexual, and non threatening role can be seen as made of self protection, given the prevalence of rape within the U.S. military” says Mesok (64). Mesok then continued to respond with a series of rhetorical questions like “What impact might women’s participation in these affective technologies have on their own experiences and engagement with the military?” and “What disruptive forms of agency might emerge as result?” (64), which helped the audience answer and understand that women do have roles in the war whether they’re men or not. According to Mesok, Jenny Holbert was more surprised at how Iraqi women reacted when they saw her in combat uniform. “These Iraqi women were just staring at me, completely expressionless, but they wouldn’t take their eyes off me because they weren’t sure what they were looking at. They knew I was a female and there was something different about me because of the way

In the development of the Middle East, there has been a constant constriction of women being political prisoners in their own countries. Within a male hegemonic society, women became the first vast target of political and social suppression. The development of a new age has implemented the animation of feminism within society, where women break their position of being prisoner to the male force. Over time women resisted the views upon them, using art as a medium for expression, therapy, and a way to allocate to the western ideas of the Middle Eastern woman. These women have created a crying outpour of their ordeals through painting, music, film, photography, and installations available to a global eye. Not only are these women’s works

Women in the harem were considerably different than the low and middle class women (common people). The women in the harem included the valide sultan (the mother of the sultan), the hasekis (the sultan’s favorite), the sultanas (the daughters of the sultan), and the rest of his concubines, mistresses, servants. The role of the mistresses was to entertain the Sultan in the bedchamber, and if any of these women did not attract the sultan’s attention, their role was to serve the valide sultan, the daughters of the sultan, or they manage the harem and work in any other position in the harem. Unfortunately during the Ottoman Empire the act of selling and buying women was very common similarly to the times before Islam. These women brought to the

In the past 30 years, women across the world have taken their male counterparts and their own selves by storm with their increased roles, astonishing capabilities, and call for equal rights such as closing the wage gap. However, in the Middle East, countries like Syria have yet to catch up or even come close to these modern times, being decades, maybe even centuries behind. Up until this decade’s everlasting battle in the Middle East, specifically Syria’s Civil War conflict, have some women even had the chance to wander outside their homes. Now roles and activities have drastically changed. In an academic journal, Zerene Haddad writes in the Forced Migration Review about the impact the crisis has had on the everyday life of women in the treacherous Middle East. With the conflict only getting worse by the day, women are now the heads of households, their country’s caretakers, and some are even volunteering themselves to fight their opposition face to face. Is the Syrian crisis good for these women to get them to notice the world outside their homes? It definitely gets them exposure.