Gender Threshold Concepts

In a decade that will be surely known as one of grand feminist success it seems worthwhile mentioning that prostitution is a new feminist issue. According to “Women Have the Rights” many sex workers and feminist activists see the decriminalization of prostitution as a human rights initiative for women to regain control over their bodies. These third wave feminists find sex an issue that should be more widely discussed. Large leaps in pornography such as female filmmakers and feminist porn stars point to an ideal that consensual sex work is just another fore front in the battle for gender equality. Legalization of prostitution leads to more government oversight requiring

Abstract: This paper explores the world’s oldest and most controversial occupation and puts forth a foundational plan for legalizing and regulating sex work in a safe way that satisfies both radical and liberal feminists ideals. To understand how prostitution has evolved to where it’s at today, this proposal travels through the history of prostitution in the United States (heavily focusing on the twentieth century.) Prostitutes were initially accepted and openly sought after. A shift in societal norms and values placed sex work in a heavy degradation. The regulation of prostitution in Nevada began in 1970 and resulted in the first licensed brothel in 1971. Fast forward nearly fifty years and prostitution is outlawed in 49 out of 50 states. Vast amounts of money are being spent annually in failed attempts to stop prostitution all together. Radical feminists are those who would identify as conservative. They are against prostitution on the belief that it victimizes and degrades women in poverty. Liberal feminists strongly agree that the government has no place in a women’s body and that the right to perform sex work is human right. This paper analyzes these different perspectives and incorporates a model that will resemble the current working regulation in Nevada. Stricter stipulations such as health requirements and the legal age should help influence radical feminist to expand their perspective and acceptance.

Prostitution is said to be “the world’s oldest profession” (Ramchandran par. 1). The Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines prostitution as “the act or practice of engaging in promiscuous sexual relations especially for money” (“Prostitution” par. 1). Many people argue that prostitution should be legalized, but it hurts people more than it helps. Legalization of prostitution condones sexual behavior for profit. Not to mention, the increased risk of illness or infection via sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), or death. It also does not “enhance women’s choices” (Raymond par. 45). This means that whether

The examination of the 30-year crusade to change and at last to end welfare, the book Gwendolyn Mink wrote is a burning arraignment of against welfare government officials' ambush on poor moms. Mink charges that the fundamental components of the welfare approach subordinate poor single parents in a different arrangement of law. Mink focuses to the racial, class, and sexual orientation inclinations of both liberals and preservationists to clarify the odd yet strong agreement supporting welfare changes that constrain the poor single parent to surrender fundamental rights and propel her to discover financial security in work outside the home. The reconsidered and upgraded version, the creator has supplanted the past conclusive part with a completely

“We live in a predatory capitalist society in which everything is for sale. Everybody is for sale, so there is ubiquitous commodification.” This quotation by Cornel West, an American philosopher and political activist, conveys the widespread objectification of human beings in our society. The narrow, traditional image of prostitution has experienced a dramatic shift in the post-industrial American society. Sex workers are not automatically considered to be from low-income, marginalized groups, and instead, they have come to also include individuals from the educated, middle-class category. This demographic transition reveals the gradual

The authors focus on how child welfare represents traits of national identities. Gordon uses child welfare to examine how the lower classes conceived of their rights as members of a racial/national identity. Whiteness entitled someone to a certain living standard. Gordon illustrates this with how Clifton community members defined white children’s welfare as contradictory to what their brief Mexican other adoptive-parents could provide. Gordon argues Arizona shows how nationalism and racial systems could become inherent possessions of the individual (Gordon, 240). Gordon points out how this meant that nationalism excludes whole groups. As she states the “chance [of becoming white] was denied to Mexicans” because white was defined against Mexicans

The purpose of this research is to bring about change and provide valuable information that will help improve the lives of black workers, and the black communities who often are involved with the child welfare system. In addition, calling out all forms of oppression that is imbedded in our system. The objective is to isolate and identify the absolute reason why children are over represented in state care. Secondly, to capturing the voices and experiences of Black workers and Families who are involved with the system in hopes of gathering themes and major issue that continue to affect the black community. Lastly to contribute to the published literature to help advocates and social workers to identify forms of

The purpose of welfare services for children in the United States is to provide a safety net to families and children during their time of need and in the event of a crisis. Child services are a service that provides assistance and support for children who can’t be or aren’t being properly cared for. In the history of child welfare there have been two major issues: child labor issues and orphans. Child labor issues and orphans can be attributed to the estimated 15 million Africans that were brought to the United States as slaves, which included parents and their children. Slave masters perpetuated the slave culture by enslaving both parents and the children for many years and training them to be submissive servants

For the last two decades, Ontario has encountered escalating degrees of neo-liberal economic impetus. Many of these reforms targeted social benefits, which led to marginalization of certain sections of the society (Dumbrill, 2006). Political views and interests of the dominant policy community predominantly influence policy making (Yee, 2005). The underrepresentation of marginalized sections of society in the Ontario child welfare policy calls for an anti-oppression approach to policy making and service delivery. This essay will discuss the context of the present problems in Ontario’s child welfare policies, with a particular emphasis on analyzing the effects of anti-oppression paradigm in dealing with the Ontario’s child welfare problems and service delivery.

This feminist study will define the conceptual tool of intersectionality to define the premise of multiple identities in Feminisms Matter by Victoria L. Bromley. Bromley’s conceptualization of intersectionality is based on the premise that social norms have limied the human identity through a binary thinking process. The traditional binary focus of society can be found in the way that people define themselves as being male or female as separate identities. These categories are defined through a verity of different classifications that tend to divide personal identity through institutions ands social norms: “Categories such as sex, gender, race, and class have long been used to classify and explain everyday experiences (Bromley, p.48). These traditional mindsets are countermanded by the concept of intersectionality, which defines a the premise of “intersecting” identities that can have multiple variations.

There are 2 categories: direct and indirect. In the direct category, people know street prostitution, brothel, and escort. Street prostitution is “clients solicited on the street, park or other public places. Serviced in side streets, vehicles, or short stay premises” (What Are the Different Types of Prostitution?). Brothel is “premises explicitly dedicated to providing sex. Better security than street. Often licensed by authorities” (What Are the Different Types of Prostitution?). An escort is when “clients contacts sex worker by phone via hotel staff. Most covert form of sex work. Relatively expensive because of low client turnover. Service provided at client’s home or hotel room” (What Are the Different Types of Prostitutions). There are many forms of prostitutions, however, are individuals that are sex workers enjoy their jobs? An example is a woman named Celine Bisette. She was a college student trying to make ends meet. Bisette became an escort and was easy for her. However, she was judged and looked down upon because she was a escort. She lost friends and lost self-confidence in herself. “I am embarrassed to be a sex worker, even though I like my job, I’m good at it…” (Celine Bisette) In society, people are always judged regardless of what an individual does. If you’re good at something you should not let anyone’s opinions change what you like. There are sex workers who do enjoy their jobs and there are some who hate it. But, can this job be beneficial towards the

First of all, there is the application of the Queer theory. Historically, there are labels such as male and female that aid in depicting what sexual activity a person engages in. Sex work challenges this opinion and therefore marks the activity as queer (). No matter how much authority figures condemn it, the more sex work that takes place. Similar actions arise in terms of gender barriers. As authority figures impose social expectations for genders, the more each gender rejects the parameters. The result of the label of queer on those associated with sex work, is a social outgroup. Certain articles have explained the idea of a social outcast specifically in regards to sex work. One article explains the “dual burden of a criminal record and loss of ‘respectability’” associated with being a prostitute (). As a cause of the activities a sex worker or in this case specifically a prostitute participates in, they are criminalized and not given the respect citizens are expected to receive. Further those who partake in sex work, especially under Bill C-36 are “vulnerable to hate crimes, housing and employment discrimination, and other violations of their basic rights” that would not occur if they were what most would consider to be the average citizen (). These parameters set sex workers up to

Sex work, consisting of prostitution and the production of sex toys, has been implemented in the United States since the 18th century. Through red-light districts, street prostitution, escort or out-call prostitution, brothel prostitution, and child prostitution, prostitution still thrives in the United States despite legality. Sex toys has become increasingly more available on shelves but still primarily stay in the e-commerce realm. Sex work has struggled to stay in the United States because of legal issues, however, sex work is still and will always be implemented in the United States.

The term prostitute is an individual who engages in sexual activity for payment, whereas the definition for prostitution is when an individual puts themselves or their talents to an unworthy or corrupt use for financial gain. (oxford dictionaries online, 2010). In society people tend to confuse prostitution with sex workers because they fall under the same umbrella of sex labour, but both work differently. A sex worker is an individual who will take part in sexual activities for adult entertainment and pleasure in a consensual manner. Within the article the author references Jeffreys (1997) and Mauthner et al (2002). People within society believe prostitution is not chosen but forced upon individual’s and all sex work is violent with those involved having no alternatives. Because these two acts fall under the term ‘prostitutes’, sex workers are more likely to gain negative stigma as well as prostitutes because of their jobs being considered

The term sex work came into being in the 1980s and has been used ever since to describe prostitution type work in a better way. At a women’s liberation movement conference there was panel, “Towards the Elimination of Prostitution” which was discussed amongst everyone except for prostitutes. As a result, prostitutes focused their rage against the other women who wanted to put an end their means of living, spurring a movement. Throughout the 1970s there were several groups that existed to protect sex work. There was Prostitutes United for Social and Sexual Integration, which later became Prostitution Laws are Nonsense. In 1975 the English Collective of Prostitutes (ECP) came to being. Originally the ECP was all about abolition. They then became part of working class movement, where women deserved to be paid for all work, including sex. At the same time in 1975, the prostitutes’ movement spread