Gene Encoding Of Six Traits From The Pure Bred Garden Pea

C-Fern plants are a strain of Ceratopteris richardii and have a rapid reproductive cycle, making them perfect subjects in lab to be tested and observed on population genetics. Population genetics is the study of genetic variation and allelic frequencies on a specific group over an amount of time. It is a great way to predict future genetic information on more than just the C-Ferns. In this experiment, two different generations for gametophytes and sporophytes of C-Ferns were observed and counted for the amount of wild type and polka dot mutant individuals within a sample and a population. The overall results demonstrated a 1:1 ratio of mutant to wild type in the F1 gametophyte generation for both the sample and population, which was expected. The F1 sporophyte generation demonstrated a 1:1 ratio of mutant to wild type in the sample and a 2:1 ratio of mutant to wild type in the population. A 3:1 ratio of mutant to wild type was expected in the sporophytes. It was concluded that the polka dot mutant is recessive in sporophytes and demonstrates random fertilization in the diploid stage, but not in gametophytes. This process of population genetics in C-Ferns can be extremely beneficial in other organisms, such as humans. Population genetics could be a tool in medicine in determining human

This report presents an overview to: meiosis, chromosomes, traits, genotypes, and phenotypes displayed in the evolution of fast plants. Studying how the genetic information can be passed along one generation to the following. Also, learning various techniques to determine the possible genotypes of the four Wisconsin Fast Plants provided by analyzing the offspring and observing the phenotypic variation within them. Predicting that the parent plant was heterozygous with the first generation also displaying heterogeneous characteristics of non- purple stem/ Green leaves. And discovering that the null hypothesis was rejected for the chi-square being less than 5% meaning the observed phenotypes were due by chance.

The “Brassica rapa” is a fast plant known as the field mustard. This plant is well known for its rapid growing rate, which makes it an easy breeding cycle and easy to pollinate. In giving so this makes “Brassica rapa” a great participant for testing Gregor Mendel’s theories of inheritance. The “Brassica rapa” acts like a test subject in testing cross-pollination giving the understanding to the dominant allele of colored stems. There are different colors that are visible on the stem that are above the soil; the colors vary from green to purple. P1 seed was ordered, germinated and cross-pollinated until germination of the next off spring of plants were also done. It was

Refer to the data on the corn kernel color frequency from Part III of the lab. (Remember there were four possible types for this part of the lab.)

Other forms of the genotype, (ygr/ YGR) and (YGR/YGR) will result in green leaves. A third gene in Brassica rapa is the rosette mutant, homozygous recessive. The genotype needed for the short, rosette plant form is (ros/ros). The other two genotypes (ros/ROS) and wild type (ROS/ROS) will result in the normal form of the plant. The phenotypes and genotypes are related in that the phenotypes provide a visible indication of the genotype. This is true in an individual with a homozygous recessive gene. However, in the case of dominant genes, since only one copy is needed for the phenotype to be present, then the second copy is not indicated. The second copy can be identified process where two individuals (P1 and P2) with the same dominant phenotype, called the parental generation, are bred. This produces an F1 or first generation of offspring. The F1 generation can also be bred and produce an F2 generation. Each individual in the F1 and F2 generations receives one copy from each parent of the 3-letter genotype code, called an allele.

There are many procedures during this lab and many materials needed for an accurate analysis of data. First, fill a 100 mL graduated cylinder with 50 mL of water. Add 25 germinating peas and determine the amount of water that is displaced. Record this volume of the 25 germinating peas, then remove the peas and put those peas on a paper towel. They will be used for the first respirometer. Next, refill the graduated cylinder with 50 mL of water and add 25 non-germinating peas to it. Add glass beads to the graduated cylinder until the volume is the same to that of germinating peas. Remove the beads and peas and put on a paper towel. They will be used in respirometer 2. Now, the graduated cylinder was filled once again, determine how many glass beads will be require to reach the same volume of the germinating peas. Remove the beads and they will be used in respirometer 3. Then repeat the procedures used above to prepare a second set of germinating peas, dry peas and beads, and beads to be used in respirometers 4,5,and 6, the only difference is the temperature of the water.

Imagine that you are crossing two plants that are heterozygous for flower color and seed shape. The dominant and recessive alleles for these traits are:

He chose to study in detail the common garden pea, Pisum, which he grew in the monastery garden. During 1856 and 1863 Mendel tested his pea plants reaching a number of maybe 28,000 pea plants, carefully examining seven pairs of seeds for comparison, such as shape of seed, color of seed, tall stemmed and short stemmed and tall plants and short plants looking and the differences in the same plant. Johann Mendel worked on this for many years, carefully wrapping each individual plant to prevent accidental pollination by insects. He collected the seeds produced by the plants and studied these seeds observing that some plants. Johann Mendel discovered that by putting together tall and short parent plants he got hybrid result that resembled the tall parent rather than being a medium height blend. He explained his concept of heredity units, now called genes. These often referred to as dominant or recessive characteristics. He then figured out the pattern of inheritance of various and came up two generalizations that became known as the laws of heredity. Johann Mendel's observations led him to coin two terms, which are still used in present-day genetics: dominant and

You want to determine the genotype of grounded. You are unsure whether the mutant allele confers a phenotype that is dominant or recessive to wild type. You are also not sure if grounded is true-breeding or not. To determine its

Gathering Data on the Different Traits of the Garden Pea (Pisum Sativum), Organizing the Dominant/Recessive Phenotypes of 60 F2 Offspring and Determining Whether the Null Hypothesis is Rejected or Accepted Using the Chi-Square Test.

1. In gorgonzolas, there are three recessive traits that affect the organism’s appeal: shrunken fruit, foul-smelling flowers, and short height. A heterozygote was crossed with a homozygote, yielding the following offspring:

METHODS/PROCEDURES: In the beginning of the experiment, pea seeds were used in order to perform the experiment. It was extremely important to acquire good, dry, and viable seeds so the process of germination could occur. A handful of these healthy seeds worked best in assisting the experiment. The seeds ability to germinate was a vital information needed to determine the outcome of the experiment.

In order for you to know the probability of the offspring getting a certain trait is through Punnett Squares and Pedigrees. In a Punnett square you put one genotype on the top of the square and put the other genotype on the left side of the square. You use those and cross the alleles and get the genotypes for the offspring. You can then use the genotypes to determine the probability of the offspring getting a dominant or

Cultivated chickpea will have lower levels of nucleotide diversity relative to its wild progenitors. Such a reduction is attributed to a ‘domestication bottleneck’, where only a small subset of individuals with desirable traits is chosen for cultivation. Additionally, there will be reduction in diversity attributed to selective breeding that has over time targeted anthropocentric traits succeeding domestication, that will be visible in select

height, stem diameter, leaf number, yield, pollen amount, pollen viability, pollen germination and parthenocarpic fruiting of genotypes were determined. GA3 levels were investigated in the samples collected from five different stages, ranging from the small bud to the small fruit. The responses of the genotypes were found significantly different for vegetative growth, pollen viability and fertility under low temperature conditions. The results showed that there was no relationship on vegetative and generative parameters and GA3 levels between parthenocarpic and non parthenocarpic eggplant genotypes (Boyaci et al., 2009a,b; Boyaci et al., 2011a). It was understood in this study that the parthenocarpy feature in eggplant is strongly influenced