Gene Expression Of Soybeans ( Glycine Max )

This experiment is designed to test the allelopathy of two different treatments, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea) and Lemon (Citrus limon). The two treatments will be tested on radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) to investigate the effect of the treatments on the germination of the radish seeds. Allelopathy is the beneficial or harmful effects that one plant has on another plant by the release of chemicals. Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment (Francisco A Macías, José MG Molinillo, Rosa M Varela, Juan CG Galindo 2007). The plants use

seeds that are more resistant to the present climatic condition. Even though most scholars and scientists have criticized the introduction of genetically modified foods in the market, it has nonetheless hit the market with a storm. Therefore, genetically modified food has continued to elucidate controversies marred with violence between supporters and opponents nationally. As such, there is need by scientists and researchers to address the issues raised to end this level of animosity between the pro and against GMO.

Genetically modified crops are both crucial and inevitable in feeding the world’s growing population, but with its potential health threats still unknown, stricter government regulations should be enforced.

Society has been experimenting with genes for thousands of years. To better understand the methods behind modern genetic modification of organisms, methods from the past will need to be explored in order to have complete understanding on the topic. Throughout history, there have been many reports on the experimentation of plant and animal genes.

In this experiment, Glycine max (L.) Merr soybeans were used. 40 of these soybeans were provided for the experiment. Each student was assigned a specific soybean plant to use. A small leaf would be torn from the stem of the soybean. This leaf was then weighed using a top loading balance. The leaf was to weigh approximately 0.12 to 0.16 grams. Gloves were worn when handling the extraction bag. The top of the bag was cut using scissors, and the leaf was then placed between two layers of mesh in the bag. The bag was then temporarily sealed to do the extraction. Students used the blunt end of a pen to rub the leaf in order to mix the contents. The extraction then sat for 30 seconds minimum, then an Agdia ImmunoStrip was provided to test the solution. The ImmunoStrip was inserted into the contents by no more than 0.5 centimeters. The ImmunoStrip was held still in the bag for 3 to 5 minutes, or until the ImmunoStrip appeared complete. A single test stripe will appear first to indicate that the ImmunoStrip is working. A second control stripe

Soil moisture also affects the yield and competitiveness of the introduced strain. Cowie et al. (1996a, b) reported that waterlogging at any time have an adverse effect on the seed yield. Drought conditions severely affect the viability of different species and strains of rhizobia (Joshi et al., 1981; Osa-Afiana and Alexander, 1982). Singh et al. (1992) reported that at a available soil moisture of 45 per cent nodule number and dry weight of nodules increased while at 30 per cent available soil moisture, seed yield increased. Strains isolated from arid areas are more tolerant to dessication and high temperature than strains isolated from cooler and wet region. Bitorrini and Beringer (unpublished, cited by Dowling and Broughton, 1986)

Though both processes have been optimized and utilized in soybean, the species as a whole is generally regarded as recalcitrant to transformation [4]. In 2008, the most efficient protocol for transformation of soybean only saw a 16% success rate in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation [5]. Both methods also require a tissue culture step, the success of which is greatly dependent on genotype and tissue used as well culture techniques. On the whole, the transformation process is extremely low-throughput due to the

What does a tomato, soybean, and other vegetable have in prevalence? They are all some of the most commonly Genetically Modified foods sold on the market today. By utilizing the genetic information from one organism, and inserting or modifying it into another organism, scientists can make pabulum crops stay fresher, grow more sizably voluminous, and have the crops engender their own pesticides. Nevertheless, the technology to modify genes has surpassed its practicality. Genetically Modified foods need to be abstracted from everyday agriculture because of the threat they pose to human health, the environment, and the impact on ecumenical economy.

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), also known as green gram, is a major pulse crop of India. Mungbean has been vastly grown on the Indian subcontinent as well as parts of Asia. Mungbean has also been referred to be part of the poor man’s meat because of its high nutritive value as well as its ease of digestibility. India alone accounts for 65% of its world acreage and 54% of the production (Biyani et al., 2012).The pulse is of short duration and is a multifunctional pulse as it is now known to provide a good quality combination of fodder for livestock, green manure and food. Mungbean is known to fix atmospheric nitrogen and its symbiotic association of nodulated roots and Rhizobia has enabled farmers to save money on procuring N-fertilisers. If grown in a cropping system mungbean’s rhizodeposition abilities might contribute significantly to higher C and N availability in soils to succeeding crops (Zang et al., 2015). Mungbean has low input requirements and has the ability to provide much required nutrients and moisture for a succeeding crop (Singh et al., 2011). India and the Indian subcontinent as well as the rest of the world face a problem of increasing population which is compounded by dwindling natural resources such as land (soil

In the mid-1950s, the first SCN resistance soybean sources, PI 90763 and PI 84751 and cultivars Ilsoy and Peking, were identified (Ross and Brim 1957). During the last 20 years, more than 120 soybean germplasm with SCN resistance have been reported (Concibido et al. 2004; Vuong et al. 2013). However, most of them present resistance to only one or few SCN races and only eight soybean germplasm including Peking, PI 88788, and PI 437654 have widely been used for breeding programs in the US (Vuong et al. 2013). Understanding of resistance to the nematodes have remained limited because most of the reported resistance QTL have not been cloned. Also, continuous cultivation of soybean cultivars with the same resistance sources may accelerate selection pressure for SCN as well as other nematode species. Therefore, development of soybean cultivars with multiple nematodes resistance would be essential to prevent losses by the nematodes that can occur in the same field. The lack of diversity for SCN, RKN, and RN resistance source in current soybean cultivars still emphasizes the necessity of identifying new resistance genes/QTL. Therefore, continuous germplasm screening to find new germplasm and genes/QTL would be required for successful soybean breeding programs. The identification of new genetic sources with broad spectrum resistance to multiple SCN HG types, RKN and RN would be beneficial for the development of germplasm and varieties to reduce losses from these nematode species (Lee

Exotic soybean germplasm that has the potential to significantly increase seed yield has been evaluated in several previous studies. Three high yielding germplasm lines that contain exotic ancestry have been released by USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. The released lines LG00-3372 from the cross PI 561319A × PI 574477 (Nelson and Johnson 2011a), LG04-6000 from the cross PI 436682 × Lawrence (Nelson and Johnson 2012), and LG06-5798 from LG00-3372 x LD00-3309 (Nelson et al. 2013) yielded significantly (P=0.05) more than the highest yielding check cultivars in field tests. The releases of these germplasm lines provide evidence that exotic germplasm can be used as a parent for soybean breeding programs to provide new genetic diversity as well as to improve seed yield of US soybean cultivars.

Fascinating times we are currently living in. A rapid, consistently growing population creating gross demands for food is pushing our resources to capacity. Fulfilling the needs of the world 's population is a monumental task. Limited arable land to cultivate and an ever changing climate has led to environmental degradation. At this rate of exponential human population growth, it is predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, however, “it is uncertain whether current agricultural practices will be able to feed the world” at that stage of growth. In the 1970s pioneering biotechnologies began paving the way to providing solutions to supply the world 's food demands,

pathogens due to seed bacterization with rhizobacteria came from the works of Burr et al.

2. All results and observations of media and tests completed on unknown bacteria present in soybean sprouts sample

Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the most important pulse crop of the arid and semiarid tropics (Chen et al., 1987). It is an excellent source of easily digestible protein. Several factors are responsible for low production of Green gram. Among them, diseases play an important role (Nene, 1980; Pal, 1996). Many fungal pathogens, some of which are seed transmitted, often reduce the germination ability or kill the infected plants or substantially reduce the productive capacity. However,