General Characteristics And Construction Of Wide Area Networks

3: Network Layer: The use of network layer is switching and routing technologies. It demonstrates logical path and virtual circuits for transferring data from one node to

You will discover different network topologies and different types of networks: LANs, WANs, and internetworks (internets). The concept of switching is discussed to show how small networks can be combined to create larger ones. You will learn about the Internet: its early history, the birth of the Internet, and the issues related to the Internet today. This module covers standards and standards organizations.

During this section of my blog you would be able to view all the different types of typical services provided by networks and the purpose of each where I discuss the advantages and disadvantages of them all.

3. NETWORK (layer 3) – Provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node.

WAN (Wide area network) WAN connects computers and devices within a wide area WAN is usually used in business to send data between employees, buyers, and suppliers from anywhere in the world. WANs standards are pretty much the same as LAN’s standards and protocols they are both on TCIP. IEEE 802.14 Cable modem, IEEE 802.6 MANs (DQDB), IEEE 802.7 Broadband LAN using Coaxial Cable ISDN and ASL broadband these are the standards for

a)As per given Application Working Module we have to use Circuit Switched Network for this Application.because as per given data application needs long time connection and a good bandwidth.if we used Packet switching we have to face some data loss and packet trafficking because there is no end to end connection between source and destination.so the best network is Circuit Switched Network for this given Application.

13. Two network pros are having a conversation about some issues in a network. They discuss some issues related to how PPP forwards data, so they happen to be discussing the data structure that includes the PPP header and trailer. Which of the following terms do they use? Packet

When designing a WAN, numerous factors must be considered. Organizations attempting to connect multiple factories or offices and remote personnel must take into account a number of variables that will impact overall costs and network functionality. When designing and implementing wide area networks (WANs) that integrate voice, video,

The two authors follow the story from the conception of the idea of "packet switching" in the early 1960s to the creation and development of the Internet. We see how one idea led to another and how the intelligent people around the circumstances influenced the developments.

Held, G. (1999). Data communications networking devices: Operation, utilization, and LAN and WAN internetworking. Chichester: Wiley.

Layer 3: Network Layer– This layer determines how the data will be transmitted between networks. Packets are routed to the unique network device addresses. At this layer, if large data is not able to be sent through the network, they are broken down into smaller pieces.

In the past, companies were hampered by the cost, performance, and security issues that are associated with local area networks or LANs. LANs must be connected physically to switches which means that each LAN must have its own switch (prtl.uhcl.edu, 2016, para. 13). The virtualized version of the LANs, virtual local area networks (VLANs), allows users to invest in only one switch (prtl.uhcl.edu, 2016, para. 13). The VLAN is used in the virtual data center environment to separate a single LAN into more than one network while being physically connected to one switch. One advantage of VLANs is that network administrators can now sort devices by whatever criteria they require without physical location being an issue. Different VLANs can be set for different groups or departments within the same LAN. Performance is improved because, when the LAN is broken up into VLANs, it is not receiving broadcasts from all of the devices (certbros.com, 2015, para. 4). Cost is decreased because separate switches are not required for VLANs. A security benefit is provided because VLANs can be configured to accommodate the different security levels needed, and the administrator can choose whether or not to allow the VLANs to communicate with each other (certbros.com, 2015, para. 6).

The first three layers are part of the hardware. The first one, called Physical layer, defines the method of moving data between computers, so it is mostly the cabling and signal modulation. This is the physical channel through which the bits of data move. Network devices that operate at the physical layer include a repeater and a hub. The Data Link layer is the second layer and it has the NIC, which is the Network Interface Card. The NIC contains the Media Access Control (MAC) address, which is the unique physical identifier of each system. The recipient’s and sender’s Mac Address, together with the data and the frame check sequence (FCS) is contained in “envelopes” called frames, which are passed to the next layer. The Network layer is the third layer and it includes the routers. It is also the layer where the packets get created and addressed to go from one network to another using the Internet Protocol (IP). The IP packets include the destination IP address, the source IP address and the data. IP addresses work as the network interface identification and location addressing and are stored in the system software.

Local area networks (LANs). DEFINITION The concept of local area networks (LANs) is not new. It represents a logical development of computer technology. With the advent of microcomputers in the 1980s many office workers began bringing their own disks into work, compromising data integrity.

Advancements in the information technology sector have brought many benefits to the people all around the world.  Today with computer networking, we can chat, speak and see each other over a long distance. Data communication refers to the transmission of the digital signals over a communication channel between the transmitter and receiver computers. Communication is possible only with wired and wireless connectivity of the computers with each other.