Digestive System Research Paper

Describe the Anatomical location of the Pancreas relative to the other organs in the upper portion of the abdominal cavity.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is from the virus family Flaviviridae with an RNA envelope serving as it's genetic material. The genetic material (RNA) is HCV's pathogenic structure. The genome is positive sense single stranded RNA, which is very similar to mRNA and can be translated quickly to the host cell (Bauman 2012). Hepatitis C is an enveloped virus, and the RNA also lacks a proofreading ability after replication, which results in mutations coding for many genotypes within the host. This genetic variability makes it difficult for the host immune system to clear all the HCV infections. As one infection clears, another strain is being produced (Bauman 2012). The HCV antibody detected by ELISA(Wilkinson

The lymphoid tissues are placed specifically to intercept any invading pathogen which could result in

The approved medicine is a combination of two medicines called Harvoni. The combination holds antiviral medicines Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir. The effective combination takes around 8-24 weeks to heal the pain of HCV. Patients taking this new combination work as much as lower risk of dangerous side effects related to the typical treatment for hepatitis C virus. HCV medication online is available with this useful combination. Regrettably, the cost of these medicines is higher than normal medications. The higher cost of the medication simply means that some patients who require it might not be appropriate for it, but it has been called as a most important breakthrough in the treatment of hepatitis C.

Until 2011, the main therapy against the infection was Pegylated-interferon (Peg-IFN) and the ribavirin (RBV) treatment (11). Interferon is a type of protein that stimulates the immune system and helps halt the virus from spreading throughout the body. Pegylated-interferon is a combination of three types of interferon, including polyethylene (PEG), which helps the treatment remain in the body for a longer time period. Ribavirin is a medication that helps stop the HCV virus from replicating. It is commonly used in combination with interferon, which is referred to as the “Peg/riba therapy.” This combination therapy is more effective than the interferon itself. However, these medications do not have a one hundred percent cure rate and it was reported

If someone is getting tested for Hepatitis C, they will first take an antibody test. This test will detect if antibodies are present in the blood, which will tell if the person has ever had Hepatitis C, not if they currently possess it (“Who Should”). If the antibody test comes back positive, a qualitative test will then be run. This test declares tells if someone is currently infected with Hepatitis C. A quantitative test can also be run, which shows the amount of Hepatitis C that is in the blood (“Who Should”). There are two main medications that are used to treat Hepatitis C. The first being Pegylated Interferon and another being Ribavirin. Both medications are used for the treatment of adult patients with chronic liver disease (FDA). These medications are used in place of the vaccine that has not been created for Hepatitis C. Therefore, Hepatitis C can be detected easily and is treatable.

There are a number of individuals who may be suffering from an illness and not even be aware they have an illness. One example of such illness is Hepatitis C (HCV). Hepatitis C is a severe disease of the liver. It is caused by the Hepatitis C virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015). As a result, Hepatitis C has been termed a silent epidemic (CDC, 2015). This is because a lot of individuals have Hepatitis C and don’t even realize they have the infection (CDC, 2015). As the infection begins to progress over time, it could cause acute issues to the liver (CDC, 2015). Those issues could be things like damage to the liver, the liver could fail to function, cirrhosis, or even cancer of the liver (CDC, 2015). However, screening for Hepatitis C will allow an individual to benefit from treatments that are available, hence eliminating the disease from the body and preventing the liver from undergoing any further damage (CDC, 2015).

In several clinical cohorts, it has been shown that chronic hepatitis C is a main leading cause of cirrhosis and HCC, which is the third cause of cancer deaths worldwide (EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2011).

The lymphoid tissues and organs are the basis of our immune system that helps us fight infections and is our body’s defense against disease. Essential lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are along the lymphatic vessels located throughout the body in clusters, especially in the armpit, neck, chest, abdomen and groin areas and are sources of immune cells that help fight disease and infection (2015). Our body contains about 500-600 relatively small lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are encased by a fibrous capsule, which surrounds the cortex and medulla. The outer layer of the cortex is packed with B cells that assist with humoral immunity. The inner layer contains T cells that play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are also known

It could be transmitted through blood and infected bodily fluid, such as saliva, menstrual, vaginal, and seminal fluids. It can be from direct blood-to-blood contact like when an individual get a blood transfusion from an infected individual. These cases were more popular in the past years when doctors did not test blood samples for viruses before a blood transfusion. Hepatitis B also can be transmitted from unprotected sex. Transmission of this virus may also occur when needles and syringes, either in healthcare settings or among people who inject drugs, are reused. Getting a tattoo can also be a risk of getting Hepatitis B. In highly endemic areas, hepatitis B is commonly spread from mother to child at birth. Once an infant is infected with the virus, it is easy for it to spread it to other uninfected children. The Hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days. During this period, the virus can still infect people who do not have the

The digestion process of this meal starts with the cephalic phase, which is the earliest stage of digestion, where your brain thinks about and preps the digestive organs to begin work once you consume food.

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. There are currently five known viruses that cause can hepatitis (Microbiology, 10e). The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person; however, it is now more commonly spread among IV drug users that share needles. Healthcare workers are also at risk for contracting HCV, but with standard precautions, the risk is low. “Prior to 1992, some people acquired the HCV infection from transfusions of blood or blood products. Since 1992, all blood products have been screened for HCV, and cases of HCV due to blood transfusion now are extremely rare. HCV can be passed from mother to unborn child. Approximately 4 out of every 100 infants born to HCV-positive mothers

Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver’s cells and tissues caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Hepatitis is transmitted though blood. Thirty percent of the cases are transmitted though sexual contact.

Overall, the digestive system is a remarkable system that begins with the mouth and ends with the large intestine (colon). There are many chemical and mechanical processes that occur between the ingestion of food with the mouth and excretion of feces from the colon. Absorption of nutrients, motility of smooth muscles, and secretion of fluids all take place between the beginning and end of this interesting system. Organs that line the digestive tract are the mouth, pharynx esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, but there are also a few accessory organs. The organs that aid in digestive help are the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The liver functions to produce bile, which helps to break down lipids in the small intestine, but the gallbladder is the organ to actually store and secrete the bile into the duodenum of the small intestine. The pancreas has two functions in the body, endocrine and exocrine. The pancreas’s endocrine function serves the endocrine system, while its exocrine function serves the digestive system.